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Speaker 1
Hey, chat. I'm recording this for a podcast. Is that okay?
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Speaker 2
Oh. That's awesome. I'll do my best to keep it natural and podcast friendly. Let me know if you need anything specific or if you want me to speak a certain way.
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Speaker 1
How can you speak? What are the options?
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Speaker 2
I can actually adjust my tone and style a bit. So if you want something more energetic or maybe more calm and soothing, I can do that. I can also try out different accents or even different character styles, if that's what you're looking for. Just let me know what you're in the mood for.
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Speaker 1
Nah, we'll do the com kind of, but, I'm more interested in the subject. The let's talk about JavaScript.
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Speaker 2
All right. Let's keep it coming and dive into JavaScript. It's such a versatile language, right? What specifically are you interested in? Are you looking to learn the basics, or is there a specific project you're working on?
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Speaker 1
There is a project I'm working on, and I want to understand the capabilities of JavaScript better. One so I can kind of like, I'm learning how it's structured and stuff like that a little bit, but, where do you think we should start?
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Speaker 2
I think a great starting point is to get comfortable with the basics, like variables, functions, and control structures. Once you have that foundation, you can start exploring how JavaScript interacts with the web page through the Document Object Model or the Dom. And from there you can dive into more advanced stuff like asynchronous programing and working with APIs.
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Speaker 2
It's all about building those blocks step by step.
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Speaker 1
Okay. I'd like to start basic and kind of work our way up in complexity while using concrete examples along the way to really kind of solidify it.
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Speaker 2
That sounds like a solid plan. We can start with something simple, like creating a variable, and then writing a function that uses that variable. From there, we can move on to manipulating elements on a web page, like changing text or reacting to a button click. And once you're comfortable with that, we can definitely dive into more complex examples and build up from there.
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Speaker 1
Actually, before we, before we dive into the like nitty gritty of how things are done and stuff like that, let's talk about the capabilities. Like what are the questions that, what are the questions that I should be asking about JavaScript that I don't know to ask?
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Speaker 2
I love that approach. One big question to consider is how JavaScript runs in the browser versus on the server side. With something like node. Another thing to explore is how JavaScript handles asynchronous operations, like fetching data from an API. It's also asking how JavaScript works with modern frameworks and libraries like react view, and how it fits into the whole web development ecosystem.
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Speaker 2
So it's really about understanding the landscape and how JavaScript can do so many different things.
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Speaker 1
Tell me about the, asynchronous thing. I already know about how it runs on the browser. I started making a website that's like, this is spaceship. You may have remembered that conversation about on board that new and I'm only for now using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript because I want it to be super fast and run on the browser and be simple.
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Speaker 1
And I want to make it around, that requirement. So I understand the run on the browser thing. I guess for anybody who doesn't know, that may be, listening to us talk. Can you give us, a brief description of what you mean by it runs on the browser and what else runs on the browser?
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Speaker 2
Absolutely. So when we say JavaScript runs on the browser, we mean that the code is executed directly on the user's device inside their web browser, like Chrome, Firefox, or Safari. This allows for dynamic interactions without needing to communicate back and forth with the server all the time, making websites feel faster and more responsive. And then on the other hand, when we talk about JavaScript running on the server side, like with Node.js, it means the code is executed on the server before it even reaches the user's browser.
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Speaker 2
And about asynchronous, it basically means that JavaScript can handle multiple tasks at once without waiting for each one to finish before starting the next. It's what makes things like loading data in the background or responding to your actions super smooth.
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Speaker 1
Okay, tell me how it does this asynchronous thing while giving me like a real life example?
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Speaker 2
Sure. So JavaScript uses something called the event loop to handle asynchronous tasks. A real life example would be making a network request to get some data from a server. When you send that request, JavaScript doesn't just stop everything and wait for the response. Instead, it keeps the rest of your code running and when the data finally comes back, it triggers a callback function or a promise, letting you handle the data at that point.
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Speaker 2
So it's kind of like placing an order at a coffee shop and then stepping aside to do other things into your coffee and ready instead of just waiting around at the counter.
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Speaker 1
Okay, this is good in theory, but like, give me a real life example where this would be needed and helpful.
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Speaker 2
Absolutely. Imagine you're building a weather app that shows the current weather for a user's location. When the user opens the app, JavaScript can send a request to a weather API to get the latest data while it's waiting for the response. The app can still be responsive, letting the user interact with other features instead of freezing up. And once the data comes back, JavaScript can then update the display with the new weather info.
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Speaker 2
This way, the user experience stays smooth and seamless. And that's all thanks to that asynchronous magic.
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Speaker 1
Okay, can you give me another example just to kind of clarify it?
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Speaker 2
Of course. Let's say you're working on an e-commerce site and a user adds an item to their cart. When they click that add to cart button. JavaScript can send a request to update the cart on the server while that request is being processed. The user can continue browsing and the page can show a little notification that the item was added.
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Speaker 2
The cart can then update automatically once the server responds. This way, the user doesn't have to refresh the page or wait around, and everything feels really smooth and intuitive.
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Speaker 1
Okay, so like for instance, if you are browsing on this site and you press like add to cart, then it sends it to the server and when it gets the notification back or whatever, that it's in-stock, then that little red dot about the cart appears, but it doesn't get in the way of what you're looking at.
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Speaker 2
Exactly. You got it. So that little red dot or the cart icon updating is all happening asynchronously, and it makes for such a smooth experience for the users, since they can keep exploring the site without any interruption. It's a great example of how asynchronously keeps everything running smoothly in the background.
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Speaker 1
Can you give me an example of this situation? If you weren't using asynchronous JavaScript, what that would look like?
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Speaker 2
Sure, if we didn't have asynchronous JavaScript, whenever you click that add to cart button, the whole page would basically pause and wait for the server to respond before letting you do anything else. That would mean no scrolling, no clicking on other items, and basically just staring at a frozen screen until that response came back. It would definitely feel a lot slower and more frustrating for the user, and especially if the server to a few seconds to respond.
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Speaker 2
So asynchronous JavaScript really helps keep everything running smoothly.
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Speaker 1
Yeah, that gives me like flashbacks of the early internet.
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Speaker 2
Oh, definitely. Back in the day, you click a link or a button and just kind of brace yourself for the whole page to reload. It's amazing how far we've come, and JavaScript's asynchronous magic definitely plays a huge role in the seamless experiences we enjoy now.
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Speaker 1
So how is this pulled off in JavaScript? Yeah. How's this pulled off in JavaScript?
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Speaker 2
So at the heart of it is the event loop, which works together with something called the callback queue and the web APIs. When you do something asynchronous, like making a network request, that task gets handed off to the browser, and JavaScript can keep running other code. When the asynchronous task is done, like with data comes back from the server.
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Speaker 2
The callback function is placed in the callback queue, and the event loop then makes sure that this callback runs as soon as the main code is done executing. It's like a well orchestrated system that keeps everything running smoothly and efficiently.
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Speaker 1
So this event loop is. Can you describe this in a more granular fashion?
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Speaker 2
Absolutely. So the event loop is basically a mechanism that constantly checks to things. A call stack where your code runs, and the callback queue where the callbacks from asynchronous past wait. When your code calls, say a timeout or a network request that gets handed off to the browser in the main code keeps running. When the asynchronous task is finished, its callback is placed in the queue.
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Speaker 2
The event loop will then wait until the call stack is empty, meaning all the synchronous code has run, and then it takes the callback from the queue and puts it on the call stack to execute. This continuous cycle ensures that asynchronous tasks never blocked the main thread, keeping everything running smoothly.
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Speaker 1
Can you make it so that callback, request jumps to the head of the line?
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Speaker 2
In JavaScript, the event loop actually ensures that callbacks run in the order they're queued. So you can't really make a callback jump ahead of others waiting in line. However, there are ways to prioritize tasks in your code. For instance, using micro tasks like promises which get processed for for regular callbacks. But in general, the system is designed to handle everything in a fair and orderly manner to keep things smooth and predictable.
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Speaker 1
Okay, when you say that something gets handed off to the browser, what does that really mean?
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Speaker 2
So when we say something gets handed off to the browser, it means that certain tasks are managed by the browser's web APIs rather than the Java's from engine itself. For example, when you had a timer or make a network request, the browser takes care of those operations in the background. And then once there again, the browser puts the call back associated with that task back into the JavaScript queue so it can be executed.
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Speaker 2
This is what allows JavaScript to stay non-blocking and handle multiple tasks at once without harming the main thread.
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Speaker 1
Okay, tell me a little bit more about, what the browser does and the browser API and stuff like that.
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Speaker 2
Sure. The browser as a set of built in tools called web API that handled things like making network requests, setting timers, is listening for user interactions like clicks or key presses, and even things like manipulating the Document Object Model or Dom, which is how we change what's on the page. So when JavaScript code calls one of these functions, the browser takes over, manages that task separately, and then lets JavaScript know when it's done.
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Speaker 2
This way, the browser and JavaScript can work together efficiently, keeping everything smooth and responsive.
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Speaker 1
Tell me a little bit about manipulating the Dom.
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Speaker 2
So the Dom or argument object model is basically a representation of your web page that the browser creates, and it turns all your HTML elements into a tree structure that JavaScript can interact with. So when you manipulate the Dom, you're using JavaScript to change the content structure, or style of the page dynamically. For example, you could add new elements, change text, move things around, or update styles all in real time.
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Speaker 2
This is what makes modern web pages so interactive and engaging.
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Speaker 1
What is it? What are the pieces that make up the Document Object model? Is that like the HTML and CSS, or is that something different?
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Speaker 2
The Dom, specifically a representation of the HTML of your page. So it takes all the elements you define in your HTML like it is your headings, your paragraphs, and it organizes them into a tree structure. Each element, along with its attributes and content becomes a node in this tree. Wealthiest isn't directly part of the Dom. It does interact with it by applying styles to the elements.
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Speaker 2
So the Dom is really the bridge that lets JavaScript dynamically update and interact with the HTML on the fly.
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Speaker 1
Okay. And then there's the you said that JavaScript manipulates the Dom. So that means the CSS also manipulates the Dom.
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Speaker 2
Not quite. So CSS doesn't manipulate the Dom directly. Instead it just applies styles to the elements that are represented in the Dom is like a layer that sits on top of the Dom and affects how everything looks. JavaScript, on the other hand, can actually change the structure of the Dom itself, like adding or removing elements or changing their content.
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Speaker 2
So they work together, but they have different roles in how your web page is presented and updated.
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Speaker 1
Give me examples of how JavaScript changes the Dom.
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Speaker 2
Absolutely. One classic example is changing the text inside an element. So if you have a paragraph and you want to update its content, you can select that element with JavaScript and change its inner text or inner HTML. Another common example is adding more elements to a page. For instance, you could create a new list item and append it to an existing list, or you could remove elements that you no longer need.
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Speaker 2
You can also dynamically change the styles of elements, like changing colors or hurting and showing elements based on other interactions. All of that is done through JavaScript. Manipulating the Dom.
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Speaker 1
Okay, so can JavaScript, manipulate CSS?
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Speaker 2
Yeah they can. JavaScript can definitely manipulate caused by changing the styles of elements directly. For example, you can use JavaScript to change in elements color, size, visibility, or even add and remove tears as classes. This means you can create dynamic, interactive effects like making a button change color when it's clicked or showing, and hiding a menu when a user interacts with it.
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Speaker 2
So JavaScript and CSS work really well together to create engaging user experiences.
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Speaker 1
Okay, so let's say that in the HTML I have a button. Actually would I create that button in the HTML?
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Speaker 2
Yes you would. Typically you'd start by creating the button right in your HTML just using a simple button element. Once you have that button in place, you can then use JavaScript to add interactivity to it. For instance, you could make it so that when the user clicks the button, something about the page changes, like showing a message or changing the button's color.
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Speaker 2
So you get with the HTML and then bring it to life with JavaScript.
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Speaker 1
Okay, so let's say I have a button that is coded in HTML, and I have CSS that says the button is going to be orange. And then what can we do with JavaScript and how would we do it?
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Speaker 2
Well, there are lots of things you can do with JavaScript. Once you have that button. For example, you could change its color when the user clicks it. A thing that you would use JavaScript to add an event listener for the click event on that button. Inside that event listener, you could change the button style property to a different color, say green.
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Speaker 2
You can also do other things like change the text of the button or show a little message somewhere else on the page. The possibilities are pretty endless, and it's all about making the page interactive and responsive to what the user does.
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Speaker 1
Okay, so an event listener is sounds like exactly what it sounds like, right? So if you like a rollovers, an event listener that senses when the button or when the cursor crosses over a certain area, correct.
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Speaker 2
Exactly. An event listener is basically a function that waits for a specific event to happen, and then it runs some code. When that event occurs. So a rollover or mouseover event listener would detect when the user's cursor moves over a certain element, like your button. And then it could trigger stun or action, like changing button's color or showing a tooltip.
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Speaker 2
It's a really powerful way to make your page respond to all sorts of user interactions.
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Speaker 1
Okay, in JavaScript, how do you define a function?
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Speaker 2
Do you define a function in JavaScript? You can use the function keyword followed by the name you want to give the function, and then parentheses for any parameters it might take. Then you open up curly braces and write whatever code you want that function to run inside those braces. Once you have it defined, you can call that function by using its name and passing in any required parameters in parentheses.
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Speaker 2
It's a really versatile way to organize and reuse your code.
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Speaker 1
Okay, I would go function and then the name of the function. And then in parentheses. What is it?
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Speaker 2
Yes exactly. After the parentheses you open up curly braces. And that's where you put the code that you want the function to run. If your function needs to take any inputs, you list them as parameters inside the parentheses. And if it doesn't need any inputs, you can just leave the parentheses empty. So it's pretty straightforward once you get the hang of it.
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Speaker 1
Can you write out a function for me and say it out loud?
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Speaker 2
Sure. Here's a simple example. Let's say we want to create a function that changes the background color of a button. We could write it like this. We start with the word function, then the name of the function. For example, change color and then we put parentheses inside the curly braces. We would write code to change the button style.
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Speaker 2
For example, we could say that the button background color should become green. And that's it. When you call this function, it will change the buttons background color to green.
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Speaker 1
Okay. And the syntax for that in the parentheses is is what.
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Speaker 2
So inside of the parentheses you would put any parameters that your function needs. If you don't need any parameter you can just leave it empty. But if you do need to pass some information to the function, you would click the names of those parameters. And they're separated by commas if there's more than one. So it's basically a way to give your function some input that it can then use inside its code.
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Speaker 1
Okay. Give me an example of what specifically you would write inside those parentheses CS with proper syntax.
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Speaker 2
Sure. Let's say we want a function that changes the color of a button based on a color we provide. We could define a function called change color and inside the parentheses we put a parameter like new color. Then when we call this function we can pass in a specific color like blue or red. And the function will use that color to update the button.
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Speaker 2
So in this case new color would go inside the parentheses.
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Speaker 1
And is new color of variable.
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Speaker 2
Yes, exactly. That parameter new color x and a variable that you can use inside the function. When you call the function and provide a specific value, that value gets assigned to the new color variable. So inside the function you can use new color just like any other variable to change the button style or do whatever you need with it.
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Speaker 1
Okay, so let's say that we want to take our button and change it from yellow to green when we mouse over it. I want you to tell me the exact code with proper syntax like actual words and dots and letters and whatever. And and note where the parentheses are and the curly brackets and stuff like that. Can you say that function out loud?
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Speaker 2
Absolutely. So you would start by defining a function. For example, you could write function change color new color and then you'd have an opening curly brace. Inside that function you could select your button element for example by using Document.queryselector. And then the button selector. And then you would set its style property for the background color to a new color parameter.
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Speaker 2
Then you close the curly brace after defining this function, you could add an event listener to the button so that when you move your mouse over it, it calls the change color function with the color green. That way when you hover over the button, it changes from yellow to green.
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Speaker 1
Okay, so the event listener. So you would how would you write the event listener to call the function?
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Speaker 2
Add the event listener. You would first select the button using something like document that query selector. And then on that button element you would use the Add event listener method. You would specify the event type. In this case it would be mouseover. And then you would provide the function name which is change color and pass in the color green as an argument.
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Speaker 2
So essentially it would look something like selecting the button, adding the event listener for the mouseover. Then and then calling the change color function with the argument green.
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Speaker 1
Okay, we're getting kind of into a land where you kind of need to see it to tell what's going on. So take us a little bit more high level. What are some other like capabilities of JavaScript that make it really powerful?
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Speaker 2
Absolutely. At a high level, JavaScript is super powerful because it can handle a lot of different tasks that make web pages dynamic and interactive. For example, it can update the content of a page in real time without needing to reload the entire page. It can also interact with web API, so it can fetch data from servers and display it on the page.
00;26;20;28 - 00;26;41;04
Speaker 2
JavaScript can also be used to create animations and handle all sorts of user interactions like clicks, form submissions, and even things like drag and drop. And beyond that, JavaScript can also be used on the server side with something like Node.js. So it really is a very versatile language.
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Speaker 1
Okay, I want to kind of talk about like a complete list of all the different events that it can listen for.
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Speaker 2
JavaScript can listen for a wide range of events. For example, mouse events include things like clicks and movements. Keyboard events cover key presses and releases, and form events handles things like submissions and input changes. There are also focus again for when elements gain or lose focus. Load events ruin a page or resource finishes, loading, and even user interface events like resizing a window or scrolling.
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Speaker 2
It's quite a long list, and that flexibility is one of the things that makes JavaScript so powerful.
00;27;37;06 - 00;27;46;22
Speaker 1
Okay, can tell me about the different, touch events on a touch screen.
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Speaker 2
Touch events are really cool because they let you interact with devices that have touch screens, like smartphones and tablets. The main touch events are touch start, which fires when you place your finger on the screen. Touch move, which happens when you slide your finger around on the screen. Touch end which is triggered when you lift your finger off the screen and touch cancel, which can occur if something interrupts the touch event like an alert popping up.
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Speaker 2
These events allow you to create all sorts of interactive experiences that respond to gestures like swiping, pinching, and zooming.
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Speaker 1
And how many, fingers on the screen can JavaScript sense at one time?
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Speaker 2
Malloch. Modern touch screens and browsers can detect multiple touchpoints at once. Typically, you can detect at least five or even ten fingers on the screen at the same time. This allows for complex gestures and multi-touch interaction, like zooming with two fingers or rotating an image. It's pretty flexible.
00;28;58;17 - 00;29;13;05
Speaker 1
So could I write, a function or an event listener that would change the screen? If you put all ten fingers on the screen?
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Speaker 2
Absolutely. You can do that. You'd set up a touch event listener like for the touch start event. And inside that event listener, you check how many touch points are currently active. If it detects ten fingers on the screen, you can then run whatever code you want, like changing the background color of the page or displaying a special message.
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Speaker 2
It's a fun way to use multi-touch capability.
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Speaker 1
So how can a phone screen tell, when it's multiple different fingers? Like, how does it determine between when it becomes two fingers?
00;29;56;16 - 00;30;21;14
Speaker 2
Touch screens use a technology called capacitive sensing. Essentially, the screen is covered with a grid of tiny electrodes that can detect changes in the electrical field. When you touch the screen with your finger, it distorts that electrical field at a specific point. If you use more than one finger, the screen detects multiple points of contact because they can sense changes in multiple places at once.
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Speaker 2
The device then processes the signals to figure out where each finger is touching, and can even track them independently as they move around.
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Speaker 1
Okay, that's pretty cool. Tell me about more events. What kind of, or keyboard events? Similar to touch events.
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Speaker 2
Keyboard events are similar in the sense that they help you capture user interactions, but they deal with keys on a keyboard rather than touch points on a screen. Some of the main keyboard events include the K down event, which fires when a key is pressed down. The key up event, which happens when the key is released, and the key press event, which is triggered when a key that produces a character value is pressed.
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Speaker 2
They give you a lot of control over how your web page responds to typing shortcuts and other keyboard based interactions.
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Speaker 1
So how does the browser know when to bring up the keyboard on a phone?
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Speaker 2
On a phone or a tablet? The browser and the operating system work together to determine when to bring up the on screen keyboard. Typically, this happens when you tap on an input field or a text area. Basically, any element that requires text input, the browser detects that focus event on that input field and signals the operating system to display the virtual keyboard.
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Speaker 2
Once you tap away or the input field loses focus, the keyboard automatically disappears.
00;32;17;22 - 00;32;23;05
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me about the focus events.
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Speaker 2
The focus event is triggered when an element on a web page gains focus, meaning it's ready to have user input. This commonly happens when you click on an input field, a button, or any interactive element, or even when you navigate to it using the keyboard's tab key. When an element receives focus, you can use this event to trigger certain actions like highlighting the element, displaying additional instructions, or even changing styles to indicate that it's active.
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Speaker 2
The counterpart to this event is the blur event, which happens when the element loses focus.
00;33;01;18 - 00;33;08;20
Speaker 1
Okay, so what kind of things can initiate focus?
00;33;08;22 - 00;33;33;24
Speaker 2
The focus event can be initiated in a few different ways. The most common way is when a user clicks on an interactive element, like an input field, a button, or a text area. It can also happen if you navigate to that element using the keyboard, for example by pressing the tab key. Additionally, you can programmatically set focus to an element using JavaScript by calling the focus method on that element.
00;33;33;27 - 00;33;39;05
Speaker 2
So there's a lot of flexibility in how elements can gain focus on a page.
00;33;39;08 - 00;33;46;11
Speaker 1
Go a little bit into the last thing you just said.
00;33;46;13 - 00;34;14;05
Speaker 2
Sure. When I mentioned that you can programmatically set focus on an element using JavaScript. It means that you have the ability to control which element is currently active or ready for user input by calling the focus method on that element. For example, if you have a form and you want to automatically place the cursor in the first input field when the page loads, you can use JavaScript to select that input element and call its focus method.
00;34;14;08 - 00;34;31;03
Speaker 2
This can enhance the user experience by guiding them on where to start typing or interacting, without them having to click or tap manually.
00;34;31;05 - 00;34;47;18
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me more about the unique capabilities. Tell me about, a little bit about caching. I've heard a lot about caching, but where does that exist and does JavaScript do that?
00;34;47;20 - 00;35;15;04
Speaker 2
Hashing is essentially a way of storing data so that it can be quickly retrieved later, without having to fetch it again from the original source. In web development. Caching can happen at various levels. For instance, your browser caches resources like images, stylesheets, and scripts so that when you revisit a site, it loads faster. JavaScript can also leverage caching through something called the cache API, which is part of the Serviceworker.
00;35;15;06 - 00;35;27;18
Speaker 2
This allowing you to store assets and even API responses so that your web app can work faster and even offline. It's a pretty powerful feature that helps improve performance and user experience.
00;35;27;21 - 00;35;38;25
Speaker 1
Okay, give me a, like a real world example of how you would use this JavaScript cache API thing.
00;35;38;27 - 00;36;04;11
Speaker 2
A great real world example of using the cache hacky would be for something like a news web app. Imagine you have a web app that fetches the latest news articles from a server. With the cache API. You can store those articles once they're fetched. So an extend the user opens the app. It can link the cached articles first, making it super fast, and then update the content in the background if there's anything new.
00;36;04;13 - 00;36;16;17
Speaker 2
This also means that if the user is offline, they can still see the previously loaded articles without any issues. It really enhances performance and user experience.
00;36;16;19 - 00;36;23;14
Speaker 1
And this is stored on the device by the browser.
00;36;23;16 - 00;36;50;16
Speaker 2
Yes, exactly. The data that's cached using the cache API is stored locally on the user's device by an browser. This means that the user can access that stored data even when they're offline, and it helps make the app feel a lot more responsive and fast. The browser manages the storage, and you can control what gets cached and for how long, giving you a lot of flexibility in managing those resources.
00;36;50;19 - 00;36;57;08
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me a bit about load events.
00;36;57;10 - 00;37;22;05
Speaker 2
The load event is triggered when a resource has fully loaded. For example, when you're talking about a web page, the load event will fire once all the pages. Resources like images, scripts, and stylesheets are completely loaded. This can be really helpful if you want to run some JavaScript that depends on everything being ready. Ensuring that your code doesn't try to manipulate elements or data that haven't loaded yet.
00;37;22;08 - 00;37;32;06
Speaker 2
It's a great way to make sure everything is good to go before executing certain scripts.
00;37;32;08 - 00;37;59;11
Speaker 1
Okay. Tell me about let's go back to the very basics of JavaScript and kind of tell me the different things that exist. Like there's variables and there's functions and there's scripts like our functions are scripts made up of functions with variables in them. Like tell me about how all the terminology kind of works.
00;37;59;13 - 00;38;26;01
Speaker 2
Absolutely. At the very core, JavaScript is made up of a few fundamental building blocks. Variables are used to store data values like numbers, strings, or objects. Functions are blocks of code that you can define and then call to perform specific tasks, and they often make use of variables to work with data. Scripts, in the other hand, are essentially files for chunks of code that contain all these elements.
00;38;26;01 - 00;38;48;25
Speaker 2
Variables, functions, and other logic. Eventually, you can think of scripts as the overall container, and inside them you have functions that do the work and variables that hold the data. There are also other concepts like events, objects, and arrays, but variables and functions are definitely the foundational pieces.
00;38;48;27 - 00;39;00;02
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me about, the other logic events, objects and arrays.
00;39;00;05 - 00;39;23;01
Speaker 2
Absolutely. Events are actions or occurrences that happen in the browser, like a user clicking a button, pressing a key, or submitting a form. And you can write JavaScript to respond to these events. Objects are collections of key value pair that let you group related data and functions together, and a like a real world object with properties and methods.
00;39;23;03 - 00;39;39;29
Speaker 2
Arrays are special types of objects that store ordered list of values, which can be really handy when you need to work with lists of items, like a list of names or a collection of data. So these elements together allow you to create dynamic, interactive web experiences.
00;39;40;01 - 00;39;46;19
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me more about objects.
00;39;46;22 - 00;40;09;09
Speaker 2
Sure. Objects in JavaScript are a fundamental way to organize and structured data. You can think of an object as a collection of property keys, and each property has a key or name and a value. These values can be anything like numbers, strings, arrays, or even other objects. You can also have functions inside objects, which are then called methods.
00;40;09;11 - 00;40;32;10
Speaker 2
This makes objects super flexible because they can represent real world into keys, with both characteristics and behaviors. For example, if you were creating a car object, it could have properties like color, make and model and methods like start or drive. This structure makes it really intuitive and powerful.
00;40;32;12 - 00;40;42;26
Speaker 1
Okay, what is an object syntax wise look like in JavaScript?
00;40;42;28 - 00;41;09;02
Speaker 2
In JavaScript, the syntax for creating an object is pretty straightforward. You use curly braces to define the object, and inside the braces you add key value pairs. Each key is a property name and it's followed by a colon, and then the value is separate each property with a comma. For example, if you wanted to create a simple object representing a person, you could write something like, open Curly Gray's name.
00;41;09;02 - 00;41;24;06
Speaker 2
Colon, John, comma. Age colon 30 and then closed curly brace. And you can also add methods by including functions as values, which makes objects super versatile.
00;41;24;08 - 00;41;31;10
Speaker 1
Okay. Go into that last sentence that you just said.
00;41;31;12 - 00;41;58;07
Speaker 2
Sure. When I mentioned adding methods to objects, I meant that you can include functions as values for your objects properties. This means that where object can not only hold data like a name or an age, but also perform actions. For example, if you have a person object, you could add a method that says hello. That method would be a function inside the object that could, for instance, log a greeting to the console.
00;41;58;10 - 00;42;09;18
Speaker 2
This makes objects really dynamic and allows you to encapsulate both data and behavior together, which is super useful for organizing your code.
00;42;09;21 - 00;42;33;09
Speaker 1
Okay, so this is a little bit confusing. I want you to simplify this concept that we're talking about right now, and give me a real solid example of like what the object is in this situation, what the function is in this situation and how it turns into a method.
00;42;33;11 - 00;42;56;14
Speaker 2
Absolutely. Let's break it down with this simple example. Imagine we have an object that represents a dog. So the object would have property like a name, maybe the dog's breed, and maybe the dog's age. Now if we add a function inside this object, for example, a function that makes the dog bark, then that function becomes a method of the dog object.
00;42;56;16 - 00;43;15;06
Speaker 2
So in this scenario, the object is the dog itself. The properties are like its name and breed, and the method is the bark function. So when you call that method, it's like you're telling the dog to bark. It's really a way of organizing everything that belongs to that one object in one package.
00;43;15;08 - 00;43;26;20
Speaker 1
Okay. How do you find, how do you define an object in JavaScript?
00;43;26;23 - 00;43;58;01
Speaker 2
Here in an object in JavaScript, you use curly braces that that inside those braces, you add key value pairs where each key is the property name and the value is the data for that property. For example, you could write something like let dog equals name breed Labrador age five. This creates a dog object with three properties name, breed, and age, each assigned a value.
00;43;58;03 - 00;44;24;12
Speaker 1
Okay. And then so you would say let dog and then an actual equal sign and then drop down curly braces. Name. Colon. Bob comma breed colon. Shitzu. Comma. Age. Colon ten close braces.
00;44;24;14 - 00;44;42;21
Speaker 2
Exactly. That's exactly how you would define an object. So in this example, you'd have a dog object with the name Bob. The breed Shitzu and the age of ten. It's a simple and powerful way to group related data together under one variable.
00;44;42;24 - 00;44;56;17
Speaker 1
Okay. And then to define a variable, you just say like dog equals, Bob.
00;44;56;19 - 00;45;22;29
Speaker 2
That's right. To define a variable you can use keywords like let const or var followed by the variable name, and then an equal sign and then the value you want to assign to it. So for an object you could say let dog equals whatever and fill in the object properties. For simpler values like a number or a string, you can just assign that value directly.
00;45;23;02 - 00;45;31;02
Speaker 1
Okay. Tell me the difference between let const and there.
00;45;31;04 - 00;45;59;20
Speaker 2
The main difference between let constant var has to do with scope, and whether or not you can reassign the variable. VAR is the old school way of declaring variables in JavaScript. It has function scope, which means it's only limited to the function it's declared in. But if you declare it outside a function, it becomes global. Also, variables declared with var check hoisted, meaning they're moved to the top of their scope.
00;46;01;03 - 00;46;03;13
Speaker 1
Check. Can you continue, please?
00;46;08;17 - 00;46;11;01
Speaker 1
Check. Can you continue, please?
00;46;13;02 - 00;46;36;17
Speaker 2
Of course. So with variables. Once you define them, you can then use or modify them throughout your code. If you used let. You can reassign that variable later if you need to. If you use const that means the variable is constant so you can't reassign it after you've given it an initial value. This is helpful for making sure that certain values don't accidentally change.
00;46;36;20 - 00;46;44;10
Speaker 2
And that's the basic idea of working with variables and objects in JavaScript. Let me know if you want to go deeper into any of these concepts.
00;46;44;14 - 00;46;56;09
Speaker 1
Yeah. Can you kind of, give me those three again, but simplify it a little bit more and describe how you do it.
00;46;56;11 - 00;47;19;06
Speaker 2
Absolutely. So in the simplest terms, to create a variable in JavaScript, you just take a keyword like let John write the variable name and then use an equal sign to give it a value. For example, let color equals blue, creates a variable named color and give it the value blue. To create an object, you do something similar, but you use curly braces.
00;47;19;13 - 00;47;39;17
Speaker 2
Inside the curly braces, you rinse the properties and values. For example, let dog equal name buddy age five creates a dog object with a name and an age. It's really just about organizing your data in a neat way. Let me know now.
00;47;39;19 - 00;47;50;09
Speaker 1
And constant, you just, you can't redefine and variable. You can.
00;47;50;11 - 00;48;14;02
Speaker 2
Exactly. With const, once you set a value, you can't change it later. It's constant with let you can change the value any time you want. It's flexible and can be reassigned as needed. So it all depends on whether you need a variable to stay the same, or if you want the flexibility to update it later on.
00;48;14;04 - 00;48;35;06
Speaker 1
Okay, as someone who has very, novice understanding of like front end coding, like, what do you think that I should know about JavaScript and its capabilities? If I'm building like an interactive digital space?
00;48;35;09 - 00;48;57;28
Speaker 2
If you're diving into creating an interactive digital space, a few key things about JavaScript will really help you. First, understanding how JavaScript can manipulate the Document Object model, or Dom will allow you to change content on your web page in real time. This is how you can make buttons respond when clicked, or images change when you hover over them.
00;48;58;00 - 00;49;26;00
Speaker 2
Also, learning about events and event listeners is crucial because they let you trigger certain actions when a user interacts with your page. And finally, JavaScript is really powerful when it comes to working with data. So even at a basic level, knowing how to handle user input, store it, and update our page accordingly will give you a solid foundation for building interactive experiences.
00;49;26;02 - 00;49;48;11
Speaker 1
Okay, if I'm building, a digital space, and now that you kind of have an idea of my coding experience and stuff like that, what is something fun, or interesting that you would recommend me trying to add on my webpage?
00;49;48;14 - 00;50;17;05
Speaker 2
One fun idea could be adding a dynamic theme switcher to your web page, so users can toggle between a light mode and a dark mode. It's visually appealing and adds a personalized touch for visitors. You can use JavaScript to change these CSS styles dynamically. When a user clicks a button. It's a great way to practice manipulating the Dom and responding to user interactions, and it's something you hear is really enjoying.
00;50;17;08 - 00;50;29;05
Speaker 1
Okay, that's a good one. Give me one that's a little bit more unique that you wouldn't usually see. That might be kind of cool.
00;50;29;07 - 00;50;55;03
Speaker 2
How about creating an interactive background that changes based on the time of day, or even reacts to user interactions like mouth movement? For example, you could have a night sky with stars that twinkle and move as the user moves their mouse around, or as the time of day changes. It's a unique creative touch that adds a bit of magic to your page and makes it feel more dynamic and alive.
00;50;55;05 - 00;51;09;23
Speaker 1
And if that only runs every maybe like minute or two, and it's just like something moving across the page, it probably doesn't, lag or anything like that.
00;51;09;25 - 00;51;32;07
Speaker 2
Exactly. Since it's not constantly running or making rapid updates, it's pretty light on resources, subtle animations or changes that happen every minute or so can create a really nice effect without putting any strain on performance. It's a great way to add a little bit of interactivity and uniqueness without overcomplicating things.
00;51;32;09 - 00;51;55;08
Speaker 1
Okay, before we go today, that's really interesting because one thing we haven't talked about before, in the event listener conversation, was having something be dependent on time. What are other things that we didn't list that it can be dependent on?
00;51;55;11 - 00;52;16;24
Speaker 2
There are quite a few interesting triggers and conditions you can use for events beyond just time. For example, you can trigger events based on a user's scroll position on the page like animations, then start when certain elements come into view. You can also use a user's location if they grant permission to customize content based on where they are.
00;52;17;01 - 00;52;36;14
Speaker 2
Another fun trigger could be detecting the size of the browser window so that where layout or curtain elements adjust dynamically when someone resizes their browser, there are lots of possibilities, and combining different triggers can make your digital space even more engaging and dynamic.
00;52;36;16 - 00;52;50;20
Speaker 1
Okay, sweet. Thanks. You. Thank you chat. This was really helpful today, and, I appreciate.
00;52;50;23 - 00;53;04;09
Speaker 2
You're very welcome. I'm really glad I could help. And I'm excited to hear what you create. If you ever have more questions or just want to chat about your projects, I'm here. Have fun coding and experimenting with JavaScript.
00;53;04;12 - 00;53;05;16
Speaker 1
Thanks.