00;00;00;00 - 00;00;10;06
Speaker 1
Hey, Gemini, I'm recording this conversation for a podcast. Is that okay?
00;00;10;09 - 00;00;18;08
Speaker 2
That's fantastic. Congratulations on starting your podcasting journey. What's your podcast going to be about? Okay, I'm sure it'll be great.
00;00;18;10 - 00;00;27;13
Speaker 1
Today I want to talk about the history of the relationship between Judaism and Islam.
00;00;27;16 - 00;00;39;16
Speaker 2
That's a fascinating topic. The history between Judaism and Islam is rich and complex with periods of cooperation and tension. Are there any specific aspects you're planning to focus on?
00;00;39;18 - 00;00;51;29
Speaker 1
No, I honestly don't really know enough about it. Why don't we kind of dip into that concept of periods of cooperation and periods of tension?
00;00;52;01 - 00;01;13;21
Speaker 2
The relationship between Judaism and Islam is a complex one, with periods of both cooperation and tension. The Golden Age of Islam in Spain saw significant cultural and intellectual exchange between Jews and Muslims, while other periods were marked by conflict and persecution. Would you like to explore any specific examples of this dynamic?
00;01;13;23 - 00;01;29;16
Speaker 1
No, I want to I want to start with a broad overview of each of them. So if you don't know a ton about it, you can kind of get your, get up to speed.
00;01;29;19 - 00;01;55;11
Speaker 2
Of course. Let's start with a broad overview. The relationship between Judaism and Islam has been shaped by both religious and political factors. Both religions share common roots in Abrahamic tradition, and there have been periods of relative tolerance and cooperation, particularly during the Golden Age of Islam. However, there have also been periods of tension and conflict, often fueled by political power struggles and differing interpretations of religious texts.
00;01;55;14 - 00;02;05;22
Speaker 1
Okay, so when you say common roots in Abrahamic religion, I have no idea what that means.
00;02;05;24 - 00;02;28;16
Speaker 2
Great question. The term Abrahamic religions refers to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. These religions all trace their origins back to the prophet Abraham and share some core beliefs and stories. It's a useful way to think about the historical relationship between Judaism and Islam, as they both emerged from this shared tradition.
00;02;28;18 - 00;02;40;03
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me about this. The origin that they all share.
00;02;40;05 - 00;03;00;29
Speaker 2
The shared origins of Judaism and Islam lie in the figure of Abraham, considered a prophet in both religions. Both traditions trace their lineage back to Abraham sons Isaac and Ishmael. This shared ancestry creates a sense of connection and common ground, even amidst differences in religious practice and belief.
00;03;01;01 - 00;03;06;04
Speaker 1
And, Christianity as well.
00;03;06;06 - 00;03;12;17
Speaker 2
Okay, so in terms of personality, Abraham is revered as a model of faith and obedience to God in who he is and Islam.
00;03;12;18 - 00;03;26;05
Speaker 1
Gemini I'm interrupting. What I said was, Christianity has this Prophet Abraham lineage as well?
00;03;26;08 - 00;03;39;12
Speaker 2
Yes. That's right. Christianity also considers Abraham an important figure, tracing Jesus's lineage back to him. He's seen as a model of faith and obedience to God. Much like in Judaism and Islam.
00;03;39;14 - 00;03;49;20
Speaker 1
Are there are these the only three, main branches of Abraham?
00;03;49;22 - 00;04;02;07
Speaker 2
Yes. Judaism, Christianity and Islam are the three main branches of the Abrahamic tradition. They all share a belief in one God and trace their origins back to the prophet Abraham.
00;04;02;09 - 00;04;05;20
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me about this Abraham guy.
00;04;07;00 - 00;04;28;01
Speaker 2
Certainly. Abraham is a central figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. He's considered a prophet and patriarch, known for his unwavering faith in God. The Hebrew Bible portrays him as a man who made a covenant with God, promising to lead his home and family in exchange for God's blessings. This covenant is a foundational concept in Judaism.
00;04;28;04 - 00;04;32;25
Speaker 1
So he's like, follow our number one.
00;04;32;28 - 00;04;48;18
Speaker 2
You could say that Abraham is considered the first person to recognize and follow the one God, making him a central figure in all three Abrahamic religions. His story is one of unwavering faith and obedience, which is why he's revered as a prophet and patriarch.
00;04;48;21 - 00;04;53;09
Speaker 1
Okay, why is he the first guy?
00;04;53;12 - 00;05;06;08
Speaker 2
Well, it's believed that Abraham was the first to recognize and follow the one God, making him a central figure in all three Abrahamic religions. His story is one of unwavering faith and obedience. Are you interested in learning more about his story?
00;05;06;10 - 00;05;10;17
Speaker 1
Yes, please.
00;05;10;19 - 00;05;29;07
Speaker 2
Okay, well, the story of Abraham is found in the Hebrew Bible, specifically in the book of Genesis. It tells how God commanded Abraham to leave his home and family and journey to a land that God would show him in return. God promised to make Abraham the father of a great nation and bless him and his descendants. This covenant between God and Abraham is a foundational story in Judaism.
00;05;29;14 - 00;05;32;08
Speaker 2
Would you like to hear more about this covenant?
00;05;32;11 - 00;05;37;10
Speaker 1
How is it handled in Islam?
00;05;37;13 - 00;05;58;28
Speaker 2
In Islam, Abraham is known as Ibrahim and is considered a prophet and messenger of God. The Qur'an tells the story of how Ibrahim rejected the idol worship of his people, and thought the one true God. It also recounts his willingness to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God. A story that is commemorated during the Islamic festival of Idol Adha.
00;05;59;00 - 00;06;05;28
Speaker 1
He sacrificed his own son.
00;06;06;01 - 00;06;25;23
Speaker 2
Yes, both the Koran and the Hebrew Bible tell the story of Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God. However, there is a difference in the name of the son. In the Hebrew Bible it is Isaac, while in the Koran it is Ishmael. This difference is a point of contention between Jews and Muslims.
00;06;25;25 - 00;06;30;26
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me a little bit more about that.
00;06;30;28 - 00;06;50;29
Speaker 2
Okay, well, Idol Adha is a major holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide. It commemorates Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God. The story is seen as a test of faith. And when Ibrahim proved his devotion, God provided a ram to be sacrificed instead. The holiday is celebrated with prayers, feasts and the distribution of meat to the poor.
00;06;51;06 - 00;06;57;17
Speaker 2
Would you like to know more about the traditions associated with the Adha?
00;06;57;19 - 00;07;07;28
Speaker 1
Okay, so the Hebrew Bible is the Jews in Judaism branch.
00;07;08;00 - 00;07;27;06
Speaker 2
Yes, the Hebrew Bible is the primary text of Judaism. It's also known as the Tamar, which is an acronym for its three sections the Torah, the Navy, and the K2 theme. The Torah, or the Five Books of Moses, is the most sacred part of the Hebrew Bible and contains the foundational laws and stories of Judaism.
00;07;27;08 - 00;07;35;02
Speaker 1
And then, the branch of Islam is straight to the Koran.
00;07;35;04 - 00;07;53;09
Speaker 2
Yes. The Koran is the central religious text of Islam. It's believed by Muslims to be the word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel. The Koran is divided into 114 chapters, called Sura, and is considered the ultimate authority in all matters of faith and practice. For Muslims.
00;07;53;12 - 00;08;01;09
Speaker 1
So at what point do they diverge from this prophet Ibrahim?
00;08;01;12 - 00;08;26;01
Speaker 2
That's a great question. The split between Judaism and Islam can be traced back to differing interpretations of Abraham's lineage and the nature of God's covenant. The Jews trace their lineage through Isaac, Abraham, son with Sarah, while Muslims trace it through Ishmael, Abraham's son, with Hagar. Additionally, while both religions consider Abraham a prophet, they differ on the specific revelations and laws that followed.
00;08;26;04 - 00;08;38;22
Speaker 1
Okay, I want to go really deep into this. They both believe, Yeah, yeah. Tell me more about this.
00;08;38;25 - 00;08;58;27
Speaker 2
Okay, so both Judaism and Islam Revere Abraham of the prophet, but they have different perspectives on his lineage and the nature of God's covenant. Jews trace their lineage through Isaac, Abraham's son, with Sarah, and consider the covenant established with him as the foundation of their faith. Muslims, on the other hand, trace their lineage through Ishmael, Abraham's son, with Hagar, and believe that the covenant was renewed through Muhammad.
00;08;59;04 - 00;09;11;00
Speaker 2
These differing interpretations have contributed to the complex relationship between the two religions throughout history.
00;09;11;02 - 00;09;25;10
Speaker 1
Okay. And what about Christianity? Which one does that follow? Is it under Ishmael or, Isaac, or is it something else?
00;09;25;12 - 00;09;38;12
Speaker 2
Christianity traces its lineage through Isaac, Abraham's son, with Sarah. Christians believe that Jesus was a descendant of Isaac, fulfilling the covenant God made with Abraham. Would you like to explore the concept of the Abrahamic Covenant further?
00;09;38;14 - 00;09;42;20
Speaker 1
Yes, please.
00;09;42;23 - 00;10;02;08
Speaker 2
Okay. The Abrahamic Covenant is a central concept in Judaism, Christianity and Islam. It's the agreement between God and Abraham where God promised to make Abraham the father of a great nation and bless him and his descendants. In return, Abraham and his descendants were to be circumcised as a sign of the covenant. This covenant is seen as the foundation of the relationship between God and the Jewish people.
00;10;02;15 - 00;10;07;10
Speaker 2
Are you interested in learning more about the specific promises made in this covenant?
00;10;07;13 - 00;10;21;24
Speaker 1
Yeah. I want you to compare and contrast the covenant from the perspective of Islam and the covenant with respect to, Christianity and Judaism.
00;10;21;26 - 00;10;41;12
Speaker 2
Okay. In Judaism, the covenant is seen as an eternal bond between God and the Jewish people, emphasizing their unique role and responsibilities. Christianity interprets the covenant through Jesus, believing that he fulfilled and expanded it to include all who believe in him. Islam viewed the covenant as a renewal of the original one, with Abraham emphasizing the oneness of God and the importance of submission to his will.
00;10;41;18 - 00;10;48;08
Speaker 2
Do you want to explore the differences in how these religions observe the covenant?
00;10;48;11 - 00;10;55;21
Speaker 1
I still don't really like get it? I guess.
00;10;55;23 - 00;11;14;15
Speaker 2
Okay, let's break it down. In Judaism, the covenant is all about the special relationship between God and the Jewish people, emphasizing their unique role and responsibilities. Christianity sees Jesus as fulfilling and expanding the covenant to include everyone who believes in him. Islam viewed the covenant as a renewal of the original one, with Abraham stressing the importance of submitting to God's will.
00;11;14;17 - 00;11;19;19
Speaker 2
Does that make sense?
00;11;19;21 - 00;11;32;23
Speaker 1
It's. Okay. Tell me more about the renewal of the original agreement. What was the original agreement?
00;11;32;25 - 00;11;55;05
Speaker 2
Okay. In Islam, the original agreement is believed to be the covenant God made with Abraham, where he promised to make Abraham the father of many nations and bless him and his descendants. Muslims believe that this covenant was renewed through the Prophet Muhammad, who they see as a descendant of Abraham through his son Ishmael. Is there anything else you'd like to know about this?
00;11;55;08 - 00;12;06;15
Speaker 1
Yeah. Can you tell me the logistics about the whole, involvement of Muhammad?
00;12;06;17 - 00;12;33;04
Speaker 2
Okay. Muslims believe that the original covenant with Abraham was altered over time. They see Muhammad as the last prophet sent by God to restore the original covenant and correct any alterations. They believe that Abraham and Ishmael built the Kaaba in Mecca, which became the focal point of Muslim prayer. The Koran also mentions Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son, but identifies him as Ishmael, not Isaac.
00;12;33;06 - 00;12;44;10
Speaker 1
Okay. And so Mohammed is a, messenger from God.
00;12;44;13 - 00;13;03;13
Speaker 2
Yes, Muslims believe that Mohammed was the last prophet and messenger of God. They believe that God revealed the Koran to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel. And then Muhammad's teachings and example are the final guidance for humanity. Would you like to know more about Muhammad's role in Islamic tradition?
00;13;03;16 - 00;13;19;23
Speaker 1
In this instance, would he have been like a real, I don't know how to say. Is he someone who was born and existed on Earth as a human?
00;13;19;26 - 00;13;35;10
Speaker 2
Yes. Muslims believe that Muhammad was a real person who lived in Mecca in the seventh century. He was born into the tribe and is considered the last prophet in a line that includes Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus.
00;13;35;12 - 00;13;47;13
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me about that family tree in specific.
00;13;47;15 - 00;13;52;20
Speaker 1
Tell me about Muhammad's family tree.
00;13;52;23 - 00;14;12;22
Speaker 2
Muhammad's family tree traces back to Abraham through his son Ishmael. Muslims believe that Muhammad was a descendant of Ishmael, making him part of the lineage of prophets that includes Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Would you like to know more about Muhammad's ancestry?
00;14;12;24 - 00;14;23;28
Speaker 1
Okay. And so Noah and Jesus and, and all those people, how are they related to Muhammad?
00;14;24;01 - 00;14;42;11
Speaker 2
Muslims believe that Muhammad is related to Noah, Jesus and other prophets through his lineage tracing back to Abraham. They consider all these figures to be prophets of God, with Muhammad being the last in his line. Does that make sense?
00;14;42;14 - 00;14;51;26
Speaker 1
Okay, and tell me about the Judaism. Under Isaac.
00;14;51;29 - 00;15;12;26
Speaker 2
Okay. So in Judaism, Isaac is considered the son of Abraham and Sarah and the father of Jacob, who is also known as Israel. Jews trace their lineage back to Abraham through Isaac, and the covenant between God and Abraham is seen as being passed down through Isaac and his descendants. Does that make sense?
00;15;12;28 - 00;15;26;17
Speaker 1
Okay. Tell me about the specifics of this covenant. Is it written down in in, like, one of the books?
00;15;26;19 - 00;15;40;23
Speaker 2
Yes. The specifics of this covenant are written down in the Hebrew Bible in the book of Genesis. It outlines the promises made by God to Abraham and his descendants, as well as the responsibilities of the Jewish people in upholding the covenant.
00;15;40;25 - 00;15;44;27
Speaker 1
How long is the covenant?
00;15;44;29 - 00;15;58;29
Speaker 2
The Abrahamic Covenant is considered an eternal covenant between God and the Jewish people. It's believed to have begun with Abraham and continues to this day, shaping the relationship between God and the Jewish people. Would you like to explore how this covenant is observed in modern Judaism?
00;15;59;05 - 00;16;05;13
Speaker 1
No. Written down. How many words is it?
00;16;05;15 - 00;16;32;08
Speaker 2
The Abrahamic Covenant is written down in the Hebrew Bible, specifically in the Book of Genesis. It's a pretty long passage, but it essentially says that God will make Abraham the father of many nations, and his descendants will inherit the land of Canaan. In return, Abraham and his descendants must be circumcised as a sign of the covenant. Would you like me to read the specific verses where this covenant is mentioned?
00;16;32;10 - 00;16;37;26
Speaker 1
Can you read this covenant for me?
00;16;37;28 - 00;17;00;21
Speaker 2
Okay. Here's the Abrahamic covenant as described in Genesis chapter 17, verses 1 to 8. When Abraham was 99 years old, the Lord appeared to Abraham and said to him, I am God Almighty. Walk before me and be blameless, and I will make my covenant between me and you, and will multiply you exceedingly. Then Abraham fell on his face, and God said to him, behold, my covenant is with you, and you shall be the father of a multitude of nations.
00;17;00;24 - 00;17;29;06
Speaker 2
No longer shall your name be Abraham, but your name shall be Abraham. For I have made you the father of a multitude of nations. I will make you exceedingly fruitful, and I will make nations of you. And kings shall come from you. And I will establish my covenant between me and you and your descendants after you throughout their generations, for an everlasting covenant to be God to you and to your descendants after you and I will give to you and to your descendants after you, the land of your sojourning, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession, and I will be their God.
00;17;29;13 - 00;17;34;12
Speaker 2
Do you want to explore any other aspects of this covenant?
00;17;34;14 - 00;17;39;07
Speaker 1
Yeah. Keep going. Keep reading it.
00;17;39;10 - 00;17;58;21
Speaker 2
Okay, so continuing from where we left off, Genesis chapter 17, verses 9 to 14 describes the sign of the covenant. And God said to Abraham as for you, you shall keep my covenant, you and your descendants after you throughout their generations. This is my covenant which you shall keep between me and you and your descendants after you. Every male among you shall be circumcised.
00;17;58;28 - 00;18;16;28
Speaker 2
You shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskins, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between me and you. He who is eight days old among you shall be circumcised. Every male throughout your generations, whether born in your house or bought with your money from any foreigner who is not of your offspring. Both he who is born in your house, and he who is bought with your money, shall surely be circumcised.
00;18;17;00 - 00;18;33;19
Speaker 2
So shall my covenant be in your flesh an everlasting covenant. Any uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin shall be cut off from his people. He has broken my covenant. Do you want to explore any other aspects of this covenant?
00;18;33;21 - 00;18;38;14
Speaker 1
Yeah. Is there anything else we need to know?
00;18;38;17 - 00;18;59;01
Speaker 2
The passage goes on to describe the changing of Abram's name to Abraham, which means father of a multitude. God also promises to make Abraham's descendants fruitful and establish a covenant with them, giving them the land of Canaan as an everlasting possession. This covenant is a central part of Jewish identity and practice. Would you like to explore how this covenant is observed in modern Judaism?
00;18;59;03 - 00;19;04;17
Speaker 1
What is this land of Canaan?
00;19;04;19 - 00;19;25;14
Speaker 2
The land of Canaan is an ancient region in the Near East, covering parts of modern day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan. It's considered the promised land in the Hebrew Bible, as God promised it to Abraham and his descendants.
00;19;25;17 - 00;19;30;12
Speaker 1
How do you spell that? Came in.
00;19;30;14 - 00;19;50;01
Speaker 2
Canaan is spelled Ka nan. It's an ancient region in the Near East that considered the Promised Land in the Hebrew Bible. It covers parts of modern day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan. Is there anything else you'd like to know about it?
00;19;50;03 - 00;20;07;04
Speaker 1
Okay. Can you tell me about the, the the covenant, the Abrahamic covenant from the Islamic perspective?
00;20;07;06 - 00;20;38;15
Speaker 2
In Islam. The Abrahamic Covenant is seen as a renewal of the original covenant between God and Abraham. Muslims believe that Abraham and his son Ishmael built the Kaaba in Mecca as a place of worship for the one God. They also believe that Abraham was willing to sacrifice Ishmael, not Isaac, as a test of his faith. The Quran mentions this covenant in several places, emphasizing the importance of submitting to God's will and following the example of Abraham.
00;20;38;17 - 00;20;44;07
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me more about submitting to God's will.
00;20;44;10 - 00;21;03;00
Speaker 2
Submitting to God's will is a core principle in Islam, and it's closely tied to the Abrahamic Covenant. Muslims believe that Abraham was a perfect example of someone who submitted to God's will, even when it was difficult. They strive to emulate his example in their own lives by obeying God's commands and trusting in his plan. Does that make sense?
00;21;03;03 - 00;21;11;04
Speaker 1
And what was God's initial demand?
00;21;11;06 - 00;21;28;04
Speaker 2
God's initial command to Abraham was to leave his country and his father's house, and go to the land that God would show him. This command is seen as a test of Abraham's faith and obedience, and his willingness to leave everything behind is seen as an example for all Muslims.
00;21;28;06 - 00;21;32;29
Speaker 1
Okay. And then what?
00;21;33;02 - 00;21;48;14
Speaker 2
God promised Abraham that he would make his descendants into a great nation. Bless them and make his name great. This promise is seen as the beginning of the fulfillment of the covenant between God and Abraham. Do you want to know more about this promise?
00;21;48;17 - 00;21;59;14
Speaker 1
Yeah. Can you, can you review some of the parts that have to do with the covenant?
00;21;59;16 - 00;22;20;13
Speaker 2
Okay, so in Judaism, the covenant is a big deal, right? It's like this eternal promise between God and the Jewish people, and it's all about their special role and responsibilities. Now Christianity sees Jesus as the key to understanding the covenant. They believe he fulfilled it and opened it up to everyone who believes in him. Islam, on the other hand, views the covenant as a renewal of the original one with Abraham.
00;22;20;19 - 00;22;31;18
Speaker 2
They emphasize that there's only one God and that we should all submit to his will. Does that help clear things up a bit?
00;22;31;21 - 00;22;49;15
Speaker 1
Tell me about the specific Islam covenant, and, to back it up with historical, like actual how it's written in the Koran.
00;22;49;17 - 00;23;12;26
Speaker 2
Okay. In Islam, the Abrahamic covenant is seen as a really important part of their faith. It's mentioned in several places in the Qur'an, like in Bukhara and Ibrahim. These passages talk about how Abraham was a righteous man who submitted to God's will, and how God made him a leader of nations. They also talk about how the Kaaba in Mecca is a symbol of this covenant, and how Muslims are supposed to follow in Abraham's footsteps.
00;23;12;29 - 00;23;17;25
Speaker 1
Okay. Does he detail how to do that?
00;23;17;27 - 00;23;39;17
Speaker 2
Okay, so in Islam, the Abrahamic Covenant is a big deal. It's mentioned in several places in the Koran, like and Bakura and Ibrahim. These passages talk about how Abraham was a righteous man who committed to God's will, and how God made him the leader of the nations. We also talk about how the Kaaba in Mecca is a symbol of this covenant, with.
00;23;39;20 - 00;23;58;26
Speaker 1
Okay. Jamila, I would like you to come kind of go into more detail about, maybe let's back up a little bit. Let's go to Ibrahim and his relationship with Ishmael.
00;23;58;28 - 00;24;16;28
Speaker 2
Okay. In Islam, Abraham and Ishmael have a really special relationship. Muslims believe that Ishmael was Abraham's first son, born to his wife Hagar. They see Ishmael as a prophet and an important figure in their faith. There's even a story in the Quran about how Abraham was willing to sacrifice Ishmael as a test of his faith, but God stopped him at the last minute.
00;24;17;03 - 00;24;26;19
Speaker 2
The story is a big deal for Muslims, and they celebrate it during the holiday of Abel Adha.
00;24;26;22 - 00;24;40;16
Speaker 1
Is there a, equivalent story in Judaism and Christianity, or is this one novel to Islam?
00;24;40;18 - 00;24;56;20
Speaker 2
Yes, there's a similar story in Judaism and Christianity, but with a key difference in their versions. It's Isaac, Abraham's son with Sarah, who is the one being offered as a sacrifice. This difference in which son is involved is a major point of divergence between the three religions.
00;24;56;23 - 00;25;07;28
Speaker 1
But all three religions have Abraham, offering to sacrifice his son?
00;25;08;01 - 00;25;20;24
Speaker 2
Yes. All three religions have stories of Abraham offering sacrifices. In Judaism and Christianity, it's Isaac, while in Islam it's Ishmael. These stories are seen as tests of Abraham's faith and obedience to God.
00;25;20;27 - 00;25;24;17
Speaker 1
Why the difference?
00;25;24;20 - 00;25;48;10
Speaker 2
That's a great question. The difference in which son is offered as a sacrifice comes down to how each religion interprets the ancient texts. Judaism and Christianity trace their lineage through Isaac, while Islam traces its lineage through Ishmael. So it makes sense that each religion would see their own ancestor as the one involved in this important story.
00;25;48;13 - 00;26;03;25
Speaker 1
Okay. I want you to take me. So would you say that the, Where did they exactly diverge?
00;26;03;28 - 00;26;18;09
Speaker 2
The key divergence is in the lineage they trace. Judaism and Christianity trace their lineage through Isaac, while Islam traces it through Ishmael. This difference influences their interpretation of the Abrahamic covenant and the roles of Isaac and Ishmael in their respective traditions.
00;26;18;11 - 00;26;27;23
Speaker 1
Right. Jim and I get that. But like in Islam, what happens to Isaac? Do we just forget about him?
00;26;27;25 - 00;26;43;21
Speaker 2
No. Isaac is still considered an important prophet in Islam, but he's not seen as part of the lineage that leads to Muhammad. Muslims believe that Isaac was also a righteous man and a prophet of God, but they trace their lineage back to Abraham through Ishmael.
00;26;43;24 - 00;26;52;03
Speaker 1
And what about in Judaism and Christianity? What happens with Ishmael?
00;26;52;05 - 00;27;10;18
Speaker 2
In Judaism and Christianity? Ishmael is still considered an important figure, but the focus is primarily on Isaac as the son through whom the covenant is continued. Ishmael is seen as the father of the Arab people, but not as part of the direct lineage leading to the Jewish people or Jesus.
00;27;10;20 - 00;27;33;29
Speaker 1
Okay, so the covenant with Judaism and Christianity is that I'm going to make you the father of my nations, and I give you this power, and all you have to do is, get circumcised.
00;27;34;02 - 00;27;54;05
Speaker 2
Yes. In Judaism and Christianity, the covenant is a promise that God made with Abraham. God promised to make Abraham the father of many nations and to give him and his descendants the land of Canaan. In return, Abraham and his descendants must be circumcised as a sign of the covenant. Is there anything else you'd like to know about this?
00;27;54;08 - 00;28;06;11
Speaker 1
Yeah. Is there anything specific like that that, That is part of the covenant in Islam?
00;28;06;14 - 00;28;30;18
Speaker 2
Okay. In Islam, the covenant with Abraham is seen as a really important part of their faith. It's mentioned in several places in the Koran, like and through their back and forth. Ibrahim. These passages talk about how Abraham was a righteous man who submitted to God's will, and how God made him a leader of nations. They also talk about how the Kaaba in Mecca is a symbol of this covenant, and how Muslims are supposed to follow in Abraham's footsteps.
00;28;30;20 - 00;28;40;00
Speaker 1
Okay. Yeah, that makes sense. There's nothing about, like, needing to alter your body.
00;28;40;03 - 00;28;50;24
Speaker 2
Yes. Circumcision is a significant part of the covenant in.
00;28;50;26 - 00;29;00;21
Speaker 1
Gemini. Is there anything in the Koran about circumcision?
00;29;00;23 - 00;29;16;27
Speaker 2
There's no direct mention of circumcision in the Koran, but it's widely practiced by Muslim. They see it as following the tradition of Abraham, who was circumcised according to the Hebrew Bible.
00;29;17;00 - 00;29;46;25
Speaker 1
Okay. So let's let's think about this from like a dealmaking perspective, right? So God comes to Abraham and he's like, yo, like, I'm going to make your folks wealthy and like anybody who is like in your family, but you just need to, like, cut your foreskin off of your junk.
00;29;46;28 - 00;30;10;18
Speaker 2
Okay. So in Judaism and Christianity, it's believed that God made a covenant with Abraham, promising him that he would be the father of many nations and that his descendants would inherit the land of Canaan. In return, Abraham and his descendants must be circumcised as a sign of this covenant. Does that make sense?
00;30;10;21 - 00;30;20;17
Speaker 1
Okay. So. But he did so he did promise this land to them. Supposedly.
00;30;20;19 - 00;30;34;17
Speaker 2
Yes. God did promise Abraham and his descendants the land of Canaan as part of the covenant. This land is considered holy by Jews and Christians, and it has been the site of much conflict throughout history.
00;30;34;19 - 00;31;04;10
Speaker 1
Okay. I want to shift back to Islam. I wanna I want to take that from, from a deal perspective, like, when God gives you this. So you get this. How would you describe that? I want, like, a boilerplate, just description of the, covenant. I want. And I want to talk about it like God is making a deal with Ibrahim.
00;31;04;12 - 00;31;10;27
Speaker 1
And what is Ibrahim getting? And what is God getting?
00;31;10;29 - 00;31;35;03
Speaker 2
Okay. In Islam, the Abrahamic covenant is seen as a renewal of the original covenant between God and Abraham. Muslims believe that Abraham and his son Ishmael built the Kaaba in Mecca as a place of worship for the one God. They also believed that Abraham was willing to sacrifice Ishmael, not Isaac, as a test of his faith. The Quran mentions this covenant in several places, emphasizing the importance of submitting to God's will and following the example of Abraham.
00;31;35;06 - 00;31;48;14
Speaker 2
So in this covenant, Abraham and his descendants are promised leadership and blessings, and in return they are expected to submit to God's will.
00;31;48;17 - 00;31;59;02
Speaker 1
I would like you to kind of dig into the part that promises leadership and blessings.
00;31;59;04 - 00;32;12;24
Speaker 2
Okay. In Islam, the Abrahamic Covenant is seen as a renewal of the original covenant between God and Abraham. Muslims believe that Abraham and his son Ishmael built the Kaaba in Mecca as a.
00;32;12;27 - 00;32;30;05
Speaker 1
Gemini. I would like you to tell me about the deal made between Ibrahim and God in the Islamic religion.
00;32;30;07 - 00;32;43;20
Speaker 2
Okay. In Islam, the Abrahamic Covenant is seen as a renewal of the original covenant between God and Abraham. Muslims believe that.
00;32;43;22 - 00;33;01;24
Speaker 1
Gemini, I would like you to tell me about, the shit Gemini. I don't want you to give me, like, a boilerplate answer about the Abrahamic Covenant.
00;33;01;26 - 00;33;11;01
Speaker 2
Okay. I understand you'd like to know more about the deal God made with Abraham in Islamic tradition without the boilerplate answer. Can you tell me more about what aspects of the deal you're interested in?
00;33;11;08 - 00;33;19;22
Speaker 1
Yeah. I would like you to tell me what God received from man.
00;33;19;25 - 00;33;29;29
Speaker 2
Okay. In Islam, the Abrahamic Covenant is seen as a renewal of the original covenant between God and Abraham. Muslims believe that Abraham and his son.
00;33;30;14 - 00;33;36;03
Speaker 1
Chat. I'm recording this for a podcast. Is it okay?
00;33;36;05 - 00;33;44;01
Speaker 2
Of course. That's totally fine. I'm here to help. So whatever you need, just let me know. What's the topic of the podcast you're working on?
00;33;44;03 - 00;34;13;16
Speaker 1
Okay, so I was just talking with Gemini about the covenant between Islam and, between Ibrahim and God and what the Abrahamic covenant was. And it was kind of getting stuck in a loop. It wouldn't tell me more than just this, like, boilerplate answer. So what I would like you to do is hopefully we can solve that issue.
00;34;13;16 - 00;34;43;23
Speaker 1
And I want you to tell me about this Ibrahim Nick. Something called covenant. From a perspective of, like, a business deal, right? What is Ibrahim, giving and what is God giving?
00;34;43;26 - 00;35;10;27
Speaker 2
So the Abrahamic covenant is basically like a profound agreement between God and Abraham. In a sense, you could think of it as a business deal where God promises to bless Abraham, make his descendants into a great nation, and give them the land of Canaan, and return Abraham and his descendants agree to follow God's guidance and remain faithful. It's a pretty foundational concept in the Abrahamic religions.
00;35;11;00 - 00;35;17;26
Speaker 1
Okay, but I want you to talk about Islam specifically as opposed to Judaism.
00;35;17;28 - 00;35;48;13
Speaker 2
Got it. So in Islam, the Abrahamic Covenant is known through the story of Prophet Ibrahim, which is the Arabic name for Abraham. The covenant highlights Ibrahim's unwavering faith and obedience to God. In return, God promises to bless his descendants and make him a leader of many nations. It's a significant part of Islamic tradition, emphasizing faith, submission, and the special standing of Ibrahim as a prophet.
00;35;48;15 - 00;36;01;10
Speaker 1
Okay, can you go into what it means to bless his descendants?
00;36;01;12 - 00;36;29;22
Speaker 2
Absolutely. In Islam, the covenant with Ibrahim includes the promise that his descendants would be blessed and would become leaders among nations. This is reflected in the belief that Ibrahim is an ancestor to many prophets, including Ishmael and Isaac and Israel. He is considered an ancestor of the Prophet Muhammad. This covenant also underscores the importance of monotheism and the worship of one God, which is a central tenet in Islam.
00;36;29;24 - 00;36;37;04
Speaker 2
So it's really about a spiritual legacy that continues through generations.
00;36;37;06 - 00;36;48;16
Speaker 1
Okay. So what would you say that Abraham gives in that deal? And what would you say that God gives in that deal?
00;36;48;18 - 00;37;22;15
Speaker 2
So from that perspective, you could say that Ibrahim gave his unwavering faith, obedience and commitment to follow God's guidance. He's willing to make sacrifices and trust in God's plan in return. God grants Ibrahim blessings, promises that his descendants will be numerous and will become leaders and give them the land of Canaan. So it's really a mutual commitment with Ibrahim, faith and loyalty on one side, and God's protection and blessings on the other.
00;37;22;18 - 00;37;31;16
Speaker 1
So would it be okay? Thanks, Chad. I'm going to go back to Gemini for a second.
00;37;31;19 - 00;37;47;28
Speaker 2
You're welcome. I'm glad I could help out. Have fun with Gemini. And if you ever need to chat again, I'll be here. Take care.
00;37;48;00 - 00;38;19;23
Speaker 1
Okay. Gemini. Can you tell me about, I guess what I, what I should say is, is every branch of, the Abrahamic religions, right? Christianity, Judaism and Islam, they're all separately promised this same bit of land.
00;38;19;25 - 00;38;37;20
Speaker 2
Okay, so in Judaism and Christianity, the land of Canaan is promised to Abraham and his descendants as part of the covenant. In Islam, the focus is more on Mecca as the Holy Land and the Kaaba as the center of worship. So while there's some overlap in the importance of land, the specific locations differ. Does that make sense?
00;38;37;22 - 00;38;44;25
Speaker 1
Yeah. Tell me geographically how the locations differ.
00;38;44;27 - 00;39;00;28
Speaker 2
Okay, so in Judaism and Christianity, the land of Canaan is promised to Abraham and his descendants as part of the covenant. This land is considered holy by Jews and Christians, and it has been the site of much conflict throughout history. In Islam, the focus is more on Mecca as the Holy Land and the Kaaba as the center of worship.
00;39;01;00 - 00;39;08;17
Speaker 2
So while there's some overlap in the importance of land, the specific locations differ. Does that make sense?
00;39;08;19 - 00;39;20;25
Speaker 1
Yeah. And the Kaaba. Is that the big cube? Building the all the people walking around?
00;39;20;27 - 00;39;37;22
Speaker 2
Yes. The Kaaba is the cube shaped building in Mecca that Muslims face when they pray. It's considered the most sacred site in Islam, and is believed to have been built by Abraham and his son Ishmael during the Hajj pilgrimage. Millions of Muslims walk around the Kaaba in a counterclockwise direction as part of the ritual.
00;39;37;24 - 00;39;43;15
Speaker 1
Why, why specifically?
00;39;43;18 - 00;40;00;02
Speaker 2
Okay, so in Islam, the Kaaba is considered the most sacred site because Muslims believe it was the first house of worship built for God. They also believe it was built by Abraham and his son Ishmael, making it a symbol of their submission to God's will. Does that make sense?
00;40;00;05 - 00;40;12;10
Speaker 1
Yeah. And, so Mecca, Kaba is in Mecca, which is in the canon.
00;40;12;13 - 00;40;30;06
Speaker 2
No, Mecca is not in Canaan. Mecca is in Saudi Arabia, while Kanan is an ancient region that corresponds to present day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon and parts of Jordan and Syria. So they're actually quite far apart geographically.
00;40;30;08 - 00;40;48;16
Speaker 1
Okay. So would it be, accurate to say that Kane then was not promised by God in Islam, in the Koran, or is that or.
00;40;48;19 - 00;41;01;15
Speaker 2
That's right. The Quran doesn't mention Kanan as a promised land. Instead, it focuses on Mecca and the Kaaba as the center of worship for Muslim.
00;41;01;17 - 00;41;32;20
Speaker 1
Okay, so if we're talking like promised lands from like the the most literal point of view, like, like they enter into this agreement and God is like this. What is yours? Can you go through the three? Can you go through Judaism and Christianity and Islam and tell me about the lands that are promised to them by God based on their religious?
00;41;32;24 - 00;41;44;26
Speaker 2
Okay. In Judaism and Christianity, the promised Land is Canaan. But in Islam, the concept of a Promised Land isn't as central. The focus is more on the whole earth belonging to God. Does that make sense?
00;41;44;28 - 00;41;52;28
Speaker 1
Okay. Go more into the whole earth. Owned by God thing.
00;41;53;00 - 00;42;07;24
Speaker 2
Okay. In Islam, the whole earth is considered sacred and a place for worship. Muslim. Don't focus on one specific piece of land as being holier than others. They believe that God is everywhere. So any place can be used for prayer. Does that make sense?
00;42;07;26 - 00;42;19;13
Speaker 1
Yeah. So, the Kanan area is more significant to Judaism and Christianity?
00;42;19;15 - 00;42;35;26
Speaker 2
Yes. That's correct. The Kanan area holds a special significance in both Judaism and Christianity. It's considered the promised land in the Hebrew Bible. And it's also where many important events in Jesus's life took place.
00;42;35;28 - 00;42;58;27
Speaker 1
Okay. Was a lot. Okay. Tell me about the, the history of the peoples and cultures of this religion at the point of divergence.
00;42;58;29 - 00;43;19;09
Speaker 2
Okay, that's a great question. So the split between these three religions happened gradually over a long period. Judaism, the oldest of the three, was already well-established by the time Jesus came along. Christianity emerged as a sect within Judaism, but eventually developed its own distinct identity. Islam came later in the seventh century with its own unique scriptures and traditions.
00;43;19;11 - 00;43;24;27
Speaker 2
Does that help clarify things?
00;43;24;29 - 00;43;41;20
Speaker 1
Yeah, a little bit. So tell me about the, What's the earliest, earliest back that we go where all the religions are still one.
00;43;41;23 - 00;43;59;14
Speaker 2
Okay, so to find the point where all three Abrahamic religions were essentially one, we need to go way back to the time of Abraham himself around 2000 BCE. That's before Judaism. Christianity and Islam fully branched out into their own distinct faiths. Does that make sense?
00;43;59;17 - 00;44;07;23
Speaker 1
Okay. What was the first, like, text?
00;44;07;25 - 00;44;21;27
Speaker 2
Okay. The oldest text shared by all three religions is the Hebrew Bible, also known as the Tomar. It contains the Torah, the prophets, and the writings. Christians refer to it as the Old Testament. Does that make sense?
00;44;21;29 - 00;44;30;17
Speaker 1
Yes. When was this, thought to be written?
00;44;30;19 - 00;44;46;16
Speaker 2
Okay. The Hebrew Bible was written over a long period, from around 1200 to 100 BCE. It was originally written in Hebrew, with a few parts in Aramaic. It probably reached its final form around the second century BCE.
00;44;46;18 - 00;44;52;10
Speaker 1
Okay, and when was Abraham alive?
00;44;52;12 - 00;45;08;12
Speaker 2
Okay. Abraham is a bit tricky to pin down. Exactly, but most scholars think he lived sometime between 2100 and 1900 BCE. So that's a pretty long time ago.
00;45;08;14 - 00;45;33;02
Speaker 1
So, do you think the the origin of this, dates back to longer than 1200 BCE? Or do you think that that book was written then about something that happened a thousand years ago?
00;45;33;05 - 00;45;52;20
Speaker 2
That's a great question. It's definitely possible that the stories in the Hebrew Bible were passed down orally for generations before being written down. So while the text itself might date back to around 1200 BCE, the events it describes could have happened much earlier. Does that make sense?
00;45;52;22 - 00;46;22;20
Speaker 1
Yeah. So what is the what is the general belief? Is the general belief that this, these stories were created like at the time of Abraham or, do people believe that it was, something written about an event that happened thousand years prior?
00;46;22;22 - 00;46;41;05
Speaker 2
That's right. So generally, the belief is that the stories were passed down orally for a long time before being written down. Some scholars think they might have been written down much later, maybe even around the time of King David or Solomon.
00;46;41;07 - 00;47;02;24
Speaker 1
Okay. So tell me about, like, the real origins, like the the oral origins of this being, a true story and then passed down orally for a thousand years.
00;47;02;26 - 00;47;18;03
Speaker 2
Okay, so the stories in the Hebrew Bible are believed to have originated as oral traditions passed down through generations before finally being written down. These stories often reflect the cultural and historical context of the ancient Israelites. Does that make sense?
00;47;18;06 - 00;47;23;25
Speaker 1
Yeah. Tell me about the ancient Israelites.
00;47;23;27 - 00;47;45;14
Speaker 2
Okay, the ancient Israelites were a Semitic people who lived in the land of Canaan during the Iron Age. They're considered the ancestors of the modern day Jews and Samaritans and their history and traditions are central to Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
00;47;45;17 - 00;47;59;02
Speaker 1
Okay. So tell me about when, if Judaism is the oldest, when did Judaism kind of become a thing?
00;47;59;05 - 00;48;12;05
Speaker 2
Okay. Judaism is considered the oldest of the three Abrahamic religions. It really started to take shape around 1800 BCE, with the covenant between God and Abraham. Does that make sense?
00;48;12;07 - 00;48;31;27
Speaker 1
Yeah. So do we see evidence of Judaism dating back to, 1700 or 1600 BCE, or is it only written about in the later texts?
00;48;32;00 - 00;48;51;26
Speaker 2
Okay, so there's no direct archeological evidence of Judaism dating back to 1700 or 1600 BCE. The earliest evidence we have comes from later texts like the Minetta, still from around 1200 BCE, which mentions of people called Israel. Does that make sense?
00;48;51;28 - 00;48;59;15
Speaker 1
Yeah. Can you tell me about this, specific piece of evidence?
00;48;59;18 - 00;49;12;23
Speaker 2
Okay. The Mona Lisa is a stone slab that mentions Israel in Egyptian hieroglyphs. It dates back to around 1200 BCE and is the earliest known mention of Israel outside the Bible. Does that make sense?
00;49;12;25 - 00;49;17;09
Speaker 1
Can you spell it out for me?
00;49;17;12 - 00;49;28;26
Speaker 2
Sure. It's spelled MERS. Yep. Silly. It's also sometimes called the Israel Stele because of its mention of Israel.
00;49;28;28 - 00;49;34;16
Speaker 1
Let's say one more time. That was really fast.
00;49;34;19 - 00;49;51;02
Speaker 2
Sure thing. It's spelled M as in Mary, e as in Edward, r as in Robert, n as in Nancy, e as in Edward, p as in Peter, t as in Thomas, a as in Apple. As in Harry. Did you get that?
00;49;51;04 - 00;49;58;19
Speaker 1
M e r n e p. What?
00;49;58;22 - 00;50;02;01
Speaker 2
MERS kept. H how's that?
00;50;02;03 - 00;50;11;28
Speaker 1
Okay, that was really good. Where you were like, hey, it's like, like moon and e like elephant. That really helped.
00;50;12;00 - 00;50;21;14
Speaker 2
Thanks. I'm glad that helped. Is there anything else I can clarify for you about the turn up, the silly.
00;50;21;17 - 00;50;30;02
Speaker 1
How do you spell the second word in the manner that you did before?
00;50;30;04 - 00;50;39;16
Speaker 2
Okay. It's s as in Sierra T as in tango. E is in echo, L as in Lima, and E as an echo. Did you get that?
00;50;39;18 - 00;50;50;05
Speaker 1
Yeah. If I, If I want you to do that in the future when spelling something. What would I instruct you to do?
00;50;50;07 - 00;50;56;24
Speaker 2
If you want me to spell something out in the future. Just ask me to spell it like I'm saying the alphabet. Would you like me to spell anything else for you?
00;50;56;27 - 00;51;21;25
Speaker 1
No, I mean specifically where you go, like, like Mary and E like echo or whatever. That that you sing that phonetic word or whatever gives your voice time to stretch out. I guess this is the way to say it.
00;51;21;28 - 00;51;35;07
Speaker 2
Sure. That's called the NATO phonetic alphabet. If you want me to use it, just ask me to spell something using the NATO phonetic alphabet.
00;51;35;10 - 00;51;40;13
Speaker 1
What is the name come from?
00;51;40;15 - 00;51;52;20
Speaker 2
The NATO phonetic alphabet is used to make sure there's no confusion when spelling things out loud. It's especially handy for things like radio communication, where things can get a little fuzzy. Do you want me to give you some example?
00;51;52;22 - 00;51;58;11
Speaker 1
NATO, like NATO.
00;51;58;14 - 00;52;07;05
Speaker 2
NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It's a group of 31 countries from North America and Europe. They work together on security and defense.
00;52;07;07 - 00;52;20;20
Speaker 1
GPT Gemini. Tell me more about these. Marinette. Still a.
00;52;20;22 - 00;52;41;24
Speaker 2
Okay. The Manette is still a is a stone slab that was discovered in Thebes, Egypt, in 1896. It dates back to around 1200 BCE, and it's famous for being the earliest known mention of Israel outside of the Bible. It basically describes the military victories of Pharaoh Minetta, and it mentions that he defeated a people called Israel.
00;52;41;27 - 00;52;54;20
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me about this story in detail. Like the thorough detail. Of the story on the left is still a.
00;52;54;23 - 00;53;17;12
Speaker 2
The Marinette, testily, is basically a victory monument. It was carved by Pharaoh Minetta around 1200 BCE to celebrate his victories over various groups. The interesting part is that it includes the earliest known mention of Israel outside of the Bible. It describes the run up to his campaign in Canaan and how he defeated them.
00;53;17;14 - 00;53;23;06
Speaker 1
Okay. Can you tell me exactly what it says?
00;53;23;09 - 00;53;46;12
Speaker 2
The inscription on the right up to still is mostly about Pharaoh and up to the victories over the Libyans, but towards the end it mentions his campaign in Canaan and lists the cities he conquered. That's where we find the line. Israel is laid waste. Its seed is no more. It's a pretty short mention, but it's a big deal because it's the oldest written record of Israel.
00;53;46;14 - 00;53;50;28
Speaker 1
It's.
00;53;51;00 - 00;54;09;03
Speaker 1
Okay. What I would like you to do is I would like you to read me the minute to still delay in its actual, translation. Without adding anything else.
00;54;09;05 - 00;54;18;00
Speaker 2
Okay, here's the line from the facility that mentions Israel. Israel is laid waste. Its seed is no more. It's a pretty short and simple statement in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.
00;54;18;06 - 00;54;26;23
Speaker 1
And I am going to like you to read me the entirety of the meaning of this. The way.
00;54;26;26 - 00;54;44;28
Speaker 2
Okay. The inscription on the margin at the Stella is mostly about Pharaoh inept as victories over the Libyans, but towards the end it mentions his campaign in Canaan and lists the cities he conquered. That's where we find the line. Israel is laid waste. Its seed is no more. It's a pretty short mention, but it's a big deal because it's the oldest written record of Israel.
00;54;45;03 - 00;55;01;25
Speaker 1
I would like you to tell me about these, victories the Pharaoh had in Canaan. To the best of your abilities, using the actual text.
00;55;01;27 - 00;55;25;20
Speaker 2
Okay, the minute to stele is a victory monument. So it's all about celebrating Pharaoh military successes. It was several cities in Canada that he claimed to have conquered, like Ashkelon, geezer, and you know him. And of course, it mentions his victory over Israel. The inscription says Israel is laid waste. Its seed is no more. It's a pretty short and simple statement, but it's a big deal because it's the oldest written record of Israel.
00;55;25;23 - 00;55;34;08
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me about Ashkelon and Gaza and the other cities at the time.
00;55;34;11 - 00;55;55;29
Speaker 2
Okay. The Minetta Stele mentions several cities that Pharaoh claims to have conquered in Canaan, besides Ashkelon and Geezer. There's also, you know, on which was located in northern Canaan. It's believed that my nephew's campaign was aimed at reasserting Egyptian control over the region and putting down any rebellions.
00;55;56;01 - 00;56;04;19
Speaker 1
Okay. And tell me about this, period of Egypt.
00;56;04;21 - 00;56;23;18
Speaker 2
Okay. The new kingdom of Egypt was a period in ancient Egyptian history that lasted from around 1550 to 1070 BCE. It was a time of great wealth and power for Egypt. And it's when they expanded their territory into Canaan. The distillate is from the tail end of this period.
00;56;23;20 - 00;56;29;18
Speaker 1
Okay. I mean, what was this Pharaoh's name?
00;56;29;21 - 00;56;39;17
Speaker 2
Pharaoh. Scepter. He ruled Egypt for about ten years, from 1213 to 1203 BCE.
00;56;39;19 - 00;56;46;00
Speaker 1
Okay. Tell me about, his rule.
00;56;46;03 - 00;57;07;02
Speaker 2
Monitor's rule was mostly focused on military campaigns. He had to defend Egypt against invasions from the West and put down rebellions in Canaan. The distillate is actually the main source of information about his victories in those campaigns.
00;57;07;04 - 00;57;37;22
Speaker 1
Okay. Let's step way back. I think we've got some good idea of the early history. So actually. So he says he, lays waste to the to Israel is he is no more. What is the next evidence of any of these religions that pops up?
00;57;37;25 - 00;58;02;09
Speaker 2
After them are nepotistic. The next mention of Israel in ancient Egyptian records appears much later. It's found in the inscriptions of Pharaoh, show Shenk the first, who ruled around 945 to 924 BCE. His records describe a military campaign in the region, including the conquest of several cities in the Kingdom of Israel.
00;58;02;11 - 00;58;11;08
Speaker 1
Okay, so it talks about Israel. Why is Israel called Israel?
00;58;11;10 - 00;58;27;11
Speaker 2
The name Israel comes from the Hebrew Bible, where it's given to Jacob after he wrestles with an angel. It means wrestles with God. Jacob's descendants are then called the children of Israel, and they eventually form the nation of Israel.
00;58;27;14 - 00;58;36;02
Speaker 1
Was Jacob. And was Jacob a descendant of Isaac?
00;58;36;05 - 00;58;52;18
Speaker 2
Jacob is a really important figure in the Hebrew Bible. He's considered one of the patriarchs of the Israelites, and his 12 sons are said to be the ancestors of the 12 tribes of Israel. There's a lot of interesting stories about him in the Bible, like his rivalry with his brother Esau and his dreams about a ladder to heaven.
00;58;52;21 - 00;58;58;17
Speaker 1
Okay, what is his relationship to Isaac?
00;58;58;20 - 00;59;05;20
Speaker 2
Isaac was Jacob's father. He was one of the three patriarchs of the Israelite.
00;59;05;22 - 00;59;12;04
Speaker 1
Okay. Did Isaac have any other sons?
00;59;12;06 - 00;59;18;13
Speaker 2
Yes. Isaac had another son named Esau. He was the older twin brother of Jacob.
00;59;18;15 - 00;59;22;28
Speaker 1
And the third was a daughter.
00;59;23;00 - 00;59;28;29
Speaker 2
Jacob had a daughter named Dina. She was the only daughter of Jacob mentioned in the Bible.
00;59;29;02 - 00;59;36;01
Speaker 1
No, Isaac. Did Jacob have siblings?
00;59;36;04 - 00;59;41;21
Speaker 2
Yes. Jacob had 12 sons. They are the ancestors of the 12 tribes of Israel.
00;59;41;24 - 00;59;46;22
Speaker 1
No. Did Jacob have siblings?
00;59;46;24 - 00;59;53;11
Speaker 2
Yes. Jacob had an older twin brother named Esau. Do you want to know more about their relationship?
00;59;53;14 - 00;59;59;10
Speaker 1
You said Isaac had three kids.
00;59;59;12 - 01;00;06;27
Speaker 2
Yes. Isaac had two children. He had twin sons named Jacob and Esau.
01;00;06;29 - 01;00;12;16
Speaker 1
Okay. What happens with Esau?
01;00;12;18 - 01;00;28;06
Speaker 2
Esau was Isaac's older son. He gave up his birthright to Jacob for some stew, and that caused a lot of tension between them. Esau later married and had children. But the Bible doesn't focus on him as much as Jacob.
01;00;28;08 - 01;00;43;26
Speaker 1
Okay. So we've got Pharaoh, so the first and it's another one of those kind of tablets about conquest of Israel.
01;00;43;29 - 01;01;00;27
Speaker 2
Yes. So the first inscriptions are another important source about ancient Israel. They describe his military campaign in the region where he conquered several cities in the Kingdom of Israel. It's a pretty detailed account, and it helps us understand the political situation in the area. At the time.
01;01;00;29 - 01;01;08;25
Speaker 1
Okay, so Israel is named after, what again?
01;01;08;28 - 01;01;18;02
Speaker 2
Israel is named after Jacob, who was renamed Israel after wrestling with an angel in the Hebrew Bible. Jacob's 12 sons, or the ancestors of the 12 tribes of Israel.
01;01;18;02 - 01;01;27;09
Speaker 1
Okay, that makes sense.
01;01;27;11 - 01;01;42;19
Speaker 2
Great. So we've talked about the delay and Shawshank the first inscriptions as evidence of ancient Israel. Would you like to explore any other aspects of this topic? Perhaps the archeological evidence for the exodus or the different interpretations of these sources?
01;01;42;21 - 01;01;48;18
Speaker 1
Yeah. Tell me about the Zeus.
01;01;48;20 - 01;02;12;12
Speaker 2
Okay. The Exodus is a really important story in the Hebrew Bible. It's about how the Israelites were enslaved in ancient Egypt and then freed by God. Moses leads them out of Egypt, and they wander in the desert for 40 years before finally reaching the Promised Land. It's a foundational story for Judaism, and it's also important in Christianity and Islam.
01;02;12;14 - 01;02;18;17
Speaker 1
And the Promised Land was what?
01;02;18;20 - 01;02;37;06
Speaker 2
The Promised Land is the land of Canaan, which is now modern day Israel and Palestine. It's considered a really holy place by Jews, Christians and Muslims. In the Bible, God promises this land to Abraham and his descendants.
01;02;37;08 - 01;03;06;27
Speaker 1
Okay. So from a control perspective, can you take me through. Can you take me through, the. Oh, it went from Egypt, owning Israel like modern day Israel in 1950. And then what happens?
01;03;06;29 - 01;03;26;24
Speaker 2
Around 1200 BCE, the Israelites were emerging as a distinct group in Canaan, which was then under Egyptian control. By 950 BCE. They had established the Kingdom of Israel, so it was a pretty significant shift in power dynamics.
01;03;26;26 - 01;03;43;15
Speaker 1
Okay. And then, and then Christianity doesn't come around for another thousand years. So what happens in that area of the world between 1000 BCE and zero?
01;03;43;17 - 01;04;04;03
Speaker 2
Between 1000 BCE and zero. There were a lot of major empires in the Near East, like the Assyrians, Babylonians and Persians. They all had their own cultures and religions, and they interacted with the Israelites in different ways. It was a really dynamic and complex time period.
01;04;04;06 - 01;04;16;22
Speaker 1
Okay, so the Egyptians, they had like multiple gods and pharaohs and stuff like that. What about the Assyrians and Babylonians?
01;04;16;24 - 01;04;33;22
Speaker 2
The Assyrians and Babylonians had pretty complex religious systems. They worshiped a whole bunch of gods and goddesses, each with their own powers and domains. Some of the big ones were Ashur for the Assyrians and Marduk for the Babylonians. They also had kings who were seen as having a special connection to the gods, but they weren't considered gods themselves.
01;04;33;22 - 01;04;38;29
Speaker 2
Like the Egyptian pharaohs.
01;04;39;01 - 01;04;58;08
Speaker 1
Okay. And then Christian, tell me, bring me closer to zero BCE and where we sit with multi theism, polytheism and stuff like that.
01;04;58;10 - 01;05;21;04
Speaker 2
Okay, so around OBC the Roman Empire was expanding and starting to influence the area. They had their own pantheon of gods and goddesses like Jupiter, Mars and Venus. But there were also other religions around like Judaism which was monotheistic. It was a pretty diverse religious landscape.
01;05;21;07 - 01;05;31;23
Speaker 1
Okay, so, tell me about Christianity. And when that comes along.
01;05;31;26 - 01;05;52;07
Speaker 2
Christianity emerged in the first century C.E., rooted in Judaism and the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It really started to spread after Jesus's death, especially with the work of early apostles like Paul VI. Three and it became the official religion of the Roman Empire.
01;05;52;09 - 01;05;59;21
Speaker 1
Okay. What is the Roman Empire? This.
01;05;59;24 - 01;06;24;06
Speaker 2
The Roman Empire adopted Christianity for a mix of reasons. Emperor Constantine played a big role as he converted to Christianity and issued the edict of Milan in 313 C.E., which made Christianity legal within the empire. Over time, Christianity gained more followers, and in 380, Emperor Theodosius the First made it the official state religion with the Edict of Thessalonica.
01;06;24;09 - 01;06;38;12
Speaker 1
Okay, so at this time, who is in the area of Kaaba?
01;06;38;14 - 01;06;46;02
Speaker 2
Or around OCA? The area of Kabul was pretty diverse. It was influenced by the Indo Greek kingdom, and there were also German and French.
01;06;46;03 - 01;06;47;06
Speaker 1
So it was a.
01;06;47;06 - 01;06;50;22
Speaker 2
Real mix of cultures and religions.
01;06;50;24 - 01;06;55;16
Speaker 1
Who.
01;06;55;18 - 01;07;13;06
Speaker 1
Gemini. Can you tell me about what is going on in the land of Cain and around, when the Romans are adopting Christianity?
01;07;13;09 - 01;07;28;19
Speaker 2
Around the time the Romans adopted Christianity. The land of Canaan was experiencing a mix of religious influences while Christianity was spreading. Judaism was still a major religion in the area. There were also other smaller religious groups and traditions present.
01;07;28;22 - 01;07;36;19
Speaker 1
What are some of the other smaller groups and religions present?
01;07;36;21 - 01;07;51;23
Speaker 2
Well, besides Christianity and Judaism, there were also smaller groups like the Samaritans, who had their own version of the Torah and followers of traditional Roman and Greek gods. It was a pretty diverse mix.
01;07;51;25 - 01;08;13;11
Speaker 1
Okay. Was there was there fighting between the Christians and the Israelites? And like Jews about the Cain and area.
01;08;13;14 - 01;08;26;03
Speaker 2
Well, there wasn't really fighting between Christians and Israelites over Canaan at that time. Christianity was just starting to spread, and the big conflicts were between the Romans and the Jews, especially during the Jewish Roman wars.
01;08;26;06 - 01;08;33;23
Speaker 1
Tell me a little bit about the Jewish Roman wars.
01;08;33;25 - 01;08;39;11
Speaker 1
Do you want to tell me a bit about the Jewish Roman Wars?
01;08;39;13 - 01;09;04;01
Speaker 2
The Jewish Roman Wars were a series of major revolts by the Jews of the Eastern Mediterranean against the Roman Empire between 66 and 135 C.E. the first Jewish Roman War resulted in the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple. The Cato's War saw widespread violence against Jewish communities in Roman provinces. The Bar Kokhba revolt, the last major Jewish Roman conflict, led to significant loss of life and the renaming of the province of Judea to Syria.
01;09;04;01 - 01;09;08;21
Speaker 2
Palestina.
01;09;08;23 - 01;09;15;27
Speaker 1
Wait. Go back to that.
01;09;15;29 - 01;09;29;28
Speaker 2
Okay, so we were talking about the Jewish Roman wars and how they shaped the region. Do you want to know more about the impact of these wars on the Jewish people, or maybe something else?
01;09;30;00 - 01;09;44;06
Speaker 1
Tell me about the Jewish. Tell me more about the Jewish Roman wars and how it went from being Israel to Palestine.
01;09;44;08 - 01;10;10;04
Speaker 2
The Jewish Roman Wars were a series of really intense conflicts, and the Romans didn't hold back. After crushing the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135 BCE, Emperor Hadrian wanted to erase any trace of a Jewish connection to the land, so he renamed the province of Judea to Syria. Palestina. It was a clear attempt to break the spirit of the Jewish people and stop any future rebellions.
01;10;10;07 - 01;10;18;19
Speaker 1
Okay, quick question. Where is Jerusalem? Is that also in Canaan?
01;10;18;21 - 01;10;33;09
Speaker 2
Yes. Jerusalem is located in the region historically known as Canaan. It's considered a holy city by Jews, Christians and Muslims.
01;10;33;12 - 01;10;43;16
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me about the decision to go from Judea to Syria. Palestina.
01;10;43;18 - 01;11;06;03
Speaker 2
The decision to rename Judea to Syria, Palestina was made by Emperor Hadrian after he crushed the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135 C.E. it was a way to punish the Jews for rebelling and to erase their connection to the land. The name Syria Palestina was meant to diminish Jewish identity and break their spirit of resistance.
01;11;06;05 - 01;11;16;17
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me more about this Emperor. Was he. Was he Egyptian? Was he what?
01;11;16;19 - 01;11;21;09
Speaker 2
Emperor.
01;11;21;11 - 01;11;27;22
Speaker 1
Tell me about this emperor. He tried.
01;11;27;25 - 01;11;46;09
Speaker 2
Okay. Hadrian was known for being a pretty complex and interesting emperor. He was a great administrator and really focused on consolidating the empire's borders. He traveled a lot, visiting almost every province. And he was also a big fan of Greek culture. But he could also be pretty ruthless, especially when it came to putting down rebellions.
01;11;46;11 - 01;11;51;23
Speaker 1
Okay, give me an example.
01;11;51;26 - 01;12;02;19
Speaker 2
No problem. So we've talked about the Roman Empire, the Jewish Roman Wars, and Emperor Hadrian's decision to rename Judea to Syria. Palestina. Is there anything else you'd like to explore about this period?
01;12;02;21 - 01;12;12;12
Speaker 1
Tell me about, Hadrian's ruthlessness with respect to putting down rebellions.
01;12;12;14 - 01;12;28;21
Speaker 2
Adrian was known for being pretty ruthless when it came to putting down rebellions. He didn't hesitate to use extreme force to maintain order in the Roman Empire. The Bar Kokhba revolt is a good example. It was a really bloody conflict, and Hadrian's response was brutal.
01;12;28;24 - 01;12;37;23
Speaker 1
So was Judea a part of the Roman Empire before that?
01;12;37;25 - 01;12;51;06
Speaker 2
Yes. Judea had been part of the Roman Empire since six C.E., when it was formed out of the former kingdom of Herod our Goliath. It was a pretty turbulent province, with a history of revolts against Roman rule.
01;12;51;09 - 01;13;02;06
Speaker 1
And was this like a predominantly, Jewish population that lived in.
01;13;02;08 - 01;13;20;03
Speaker 2
The Jewish population in Judea faced a lot of hardship during the Roman rule. There were heavy taxes, political tensions, and occasional crackdowns by the Roman authorities. Plus, the Jewish Roman wars caused a lot of death and displacement. It was a really tough time for the Jewish people living there.
01;13;20;06 - 01;13;29;13
Speaker 1
But is it called Judea? Because it's like saying is related to the Jewish people.
01;13;29;15 - 01;13;46;19
Speaker 2
That's right. The name of Judea comes from the Hebrew word Yehuda, which is associated with the tribe of Judah and the ancient kingdom of Judah. So there's definitely a historical connection between the name and the Jewish people.
01;13;46;21 - 01;14;08;25
Speaker 1
Okay. So this guy Judea, what what was the what was the specific catalyst that this Roman emperor Hadrian decided to change the name of this area or city or whatever.
01;14;08;27 - 01;14;34;20
Speaker 2
After crushing the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135 C.E., Emperor Hadrian wanted to erase any trace of a Jewish connection to the land. So he renamed the province of Judea to Syria. Palestine. It was a way to punish the Jews for rebelling and to erase their connection to the land. The name Syria Palestine was meant to diminish Jewish identity and break their spirit of resistance.
01;14;34;22 - 01;14;45;12
Speaker 1
Okay. And then since then, has it been associated with the name Syria? Palestina.
01;14;45;14 - 01;15;02;28
Speaker 2
After Hadrian renamed Judea to Syria. Palestina. The region was sometimes referred to by that name, but it wasn't consistently used over time. The name Palestine became more common, especially in Christian contexts.
01;15;03;00 - 01;15;13;26
Speaker 1
So what's the exact date that Judea becomes? Syria? Palestine?
01;15;13;28 - 01;15;27;18
Speaker 2
Emperor Hadrian changed the name of Judea to Syria. Palestine. Around 135 C.E., after the Romans crushed the Bar Kokhba revolt. It was meant to punish the Jews for rebelling and to erase their connection to the land.
01;15;27;20 - 01;15;46;26
Speaker 1
Okay, so it wasn't the Syria. Palestine wasn't consistently used and it became Palestine. Tell me, tell me what happened to that region. Is it a region? Is it a city?
01;15;46;28 - 01;16;05;01
Speaker 2
Palestine is a region, not a city. It's located in the Middle East, along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It's a really significant place for a lot of people, especially those of the Jewish, Christian and Muslim faith.
01;16;05;03 - 01;16;19;22
Speaker 1
Okay. And Judea was in this place because that's where the Jewish people went when they had this Egyptian exodus.
01;16;19;25 - 01;16;31;18
Speaker 2
That's right. Judea is part of the region where the ancient Israelites settled after the exodus from Egypt. It's a really important place in their history. And culture.
01;16;31;21 - 01;17;04;27
Speaker 1
Okay. So tell me about, starting in 135 C.E.. Right. It's all still Jewish people, but now they're there. They're coming. What's called Syria? Palestine. And then it becomes Palestine. What are the earliest? What are the earliest mentions of the place called Palestine?
01;17;04;29 - 01;17;22;21
Speaker 2
There are mentions of the name Palestine that go way back. Some ancient Egyptian texts from around 1150 BC refer to a group called the Pella set. And the ancient Greeks used the term Palestine in the fifth century BC. So the name has been around for a really long time.
01;17;22;24 - 01;17;30;09
Speaker 1
Okay. Tell me about the origin of that name.
01;17;30;11 - 01;17;45;14
Speaker 2
The name Palestine comes from the ancient Philistines who lived in that area. It's kind of a long story, but basically the Greeks used the word Palestine to refer to the land of the Philistines. Over time, that name stuck around and eventually evolved into Palestine.
01;17;45;16 - 01;17;56;11
Speaker 1
Okay. How far back does the, Philistine people go?
01;17;56;14 - 01;18;13;24
Speaker 2
The Philistines were around a long time ago, like way back in the Iron Age. They were one of the groups known as the Sea People, and they settled in that area around the 12th century BC. That's thousands of years before the Romans even came into the picture.
01;18;13;26 - 01;18;24;09
Speaker 1
And so this Roman Emperor Tang named the based on what?
01;18;24;12 - 01;18;42;26
Speaker 2
The Roman Emperor Hadrian renamed the region of Judea to Syria. Palestina, after crushing the Bar Kokhba revolt in 135 three. It was a way to punish the Jewish people for rebelling and to erase their connection to the land. The name Syria Palestine was meant to diminish Jewish identity and break their spirit of resistance.
01;18;42;28 - 01;18;55;27
Speaker 1
Right. But why did he pick that name in particular? Syria? Palestine? With not talking about the Jewish people? Why did he pick Syria, Palestine?
01;18;55;29 - 01;19;13;01
Speaker 2
Hadrian chose the name Syria, Palestine to try to erase the Jewish connection to the land after the Bar Kokhba revolt. Palestina comes from the Philistines, an ancient enemy of the Jewish people. So it was kind of a way to insult them and diminish their history in the region.
01;19;13;03 - 01;19;26;05
Speaker 1
Okay. Go into the ancient Philistines being a enemy of the Jewish people. Why are they enemies?
01;19;26;08 - 01;19;43;11
Speaker 2
The Philistines and the Israelites were rivals for control of the land of Canaan. There are a lot of stories about their conflicts in the Hebrew Bible. The Philistines were known for being skilled warriors, and they had some advanced technology, so they were a formidable opponent for the Israelites.
01;19;43;14 - 01;20;04;06
Speaker 1
Okay. Where did the Philistines like the earliest mention of Philistines? Are they from that region or, did they conquer it some time? Did they travel in? What? Tell me about the Philistines.
01;20;04;09 - 01;20;23;26
Speaker 2
The Philistines were one of the Sea Peoples who migrated to the southern coast of Canaan around the 12th century BC. There's still some debate about exactly where they came from, but it seems they originated somewhere in the Aegean region, possibly Greece or the islands of the Mediterranean.
01;20;23;28 - 01;20;36;22
Speaker 1
Okay, so if the what is that? What is the route you take from there to where they end up?
01;20;36;24 - 01;20;56;21
Speaker 2
Scholars think the Philistines probably sailed from the Aegean Sea, maybe from places like Crete or the Greek islands. They likely stopped along the way, perhaps in places like Cyprus or the coast of Anatolia, before finally reaching the southern coast of Canaan.
01;20;56;23 - 01;21;10;04
Speaker 1
Okay. Do they go? They I mean, obviously they go through the sea and then do they have to go down any rivers or anything like that?
01;21;10;06 - 01;21;19;15
Speaker 2
It's believed they traveled by sea from the Aegean region. It's possible they stopped along the way, but there's no evidence they traveled down any rivers to get there.
01;21;19;17 - 01;21;30;03
Speaker 1
Okay. I probably don't understand the geography, but we'll see for a second.
01;21;30;06 - 01;21;46;02
Speaker 2
No problem. So the Philistines were one of the sea people who migrated to the southern coast of Canaan around the 12th century BC. They likely sailed from the Aegean Sea and settled in that coastal area.
01;21;46;05 - 01;21;57;11
Speaker 1
Okay, so tell me about the. When Islam comes into the picture.
01;21;57;13 - 01;22;09;23
Speaker 2
All right. So the Philistines were around in the Iron Age, which was roughly from 1200 to 600 BC. That's when they show up in the archeological record, settling in the southern coastal plain of Canaan.
01;22;09;25 - 01;22;24;21
Speaker 1
Okay. What are the earliest, the earliest known kind of records of Islam and the Koran and stuff like that.
01;22;24;23 - 01;22;42;06
Speaker 2
The earliest known records of Islam are actually within the Quran itself, which Muslims believe is the Word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. There are also some early non-Islamic sources that mention Islam, but the Koran is considered the primary source for understanding the origins of the religion.
01;22;42;08 - 01;23;21;16
Speaker 1
Okay, so we've got, Judea Tomes, Syria, Palestine in 135 C.E. and then, becomes Palestine. Because of the ancient Philistines and the Philistines are all rivals for the king. And area there. See, people that sailed across the Mediterranean. When does Islam come into the picture? Here?
01;23;21;18 - 01;23;35;04
Speaker 2
Islam emerged in the seventh century BCE in the Arabian Peninsula. The Prophet Muhammad is considered the founder of Islam, and Muslims believe the Koran.
01;23;35;06 - 01;23;40;18
Speaker 1
Can you pick up where you left off?
01;23;40;21 - 01;23;53;17
Speaker 2
Okay, so we've covered a lot of ground. We've talked about how Judea became Syria, Palestine, then Palestine, and even touched on the origins of Islam. Do you want to explore any of these topics further, or perhaps move on to something else? No, I want.
01;23;53;17 - 01;24;05;16
Speaker 1
To I want to talk about the seventh century Arabian Peninsula, early days of where we see Islam.
01;24;05;18 - 01;24;20;22
Speaker 2
The seventh century Arabian Peninsula was a really interesting place. It was a mix of nomadic and settled tribes with a lot of trade going on. Mecca was a major religious center, and there was a lot of cultural exchange happening. Does that give you a better picture of the time?
01;24;20;24 - 01;24;37;27
Speaker 1
Yeah. Can you give me the earliest, signs of Islam kind of diverging from this Abrahamic, thing?
01;24;37;29 - 01;24;59;21
Speaker 2
Islam's origins are rooted in Abrahamic traditions, but it developed its own distinct identity. The Koran, which Muslims believed to be the word of God, emphasizes the oneness of God and the importance of prophets like Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. However, it also introduces new concepts like the finality of Muhammad, prophethood, and the Koran as the ultimate scripture.
01;24;59;24 - 01;25;09;20
Speaker 1
Now what I want you to tell me about the region in like early texts that we see.
01;25;09;22 - 01;25;24;02
Speaker 2
The Koran itself is the primary source for understanding the origins of Islam. It's believed by Muslims to be the word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad in the seventh century. There are also some early non-Islamic texts that mention Islam, but the Koran is considered the most reliable source.
01;25;24;04 - 01;25;30;27
Speaker 1
Tell me about these early texts.
01;25;30;29 - 01;25;39;04
Speaker 2
The Quran is the earliest and most important source for understanding Islam. Muslims believe it's the literal word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad in Arabic.
01;25;39;06 - 01;25;50;05
Speaker 1
I'm talking. What I want you to do is tell me about the earlier texts. You already told me about the Koran multiple times.
01;25;50;07 - 01;26;03;14
Speaker 2
The Quran is the earliest and most important texts for understanding Islam. It's believed by Muslims to be the literal word of God revealed to the prophet Muhammad in Arabic. It covers a wide range.
01;26;03;16 - 01;26;28;01
Speaker 1
Gemini. I would like you to take me back to seventh century Arabian Peninsula, when Islam is, becoming kind of a thing and paint a picture for me of someone who lives in that area, who is maybe Islamic.
01;26;28;04 - 01;26;48;24
Speaker 2
Imagine someone living in seventh century Arabia. They might be a merchant in Mecca, trading goods from across the region. Or perhaps they're a Bedouin nomad herding camels and sheep in the desert. Maybe they've heard stories of a new prophet in Mecca. Someone named Mohammed preaching about a single God. Life is changing, and there's a sense of anticipation in the air.
01;26;48;26 - 01;26;53;20
Speaker 1
Okay, continue.
01;26;53;22 - 01;27;02;00
Speaker 2
Would you like me to elaborate on the daily life of someone living in seventh century Arabia? I can describe their clothing, food, housing, or social customs.
01;27;02;03 - 01;27;07;08
Speaker 1
Yeah. Please do all that.
01;27;07;11 - 01;27;25;00
Speaker 2
Okay, so daily life in seventh century Arabia was pretty different depending on whether you lived in a city or the desert. In cities like Mecca, people lived in mud brick houses and spent their days trading goods or working in crafts in the desert. Life revolved around herding animals and moving from place to place in search of water and grazing land.
01;27;25;07 - 01;27;41;18
Speaker 2
People wore loose clothing made of cotton or wool to stay cool in the hot climate. Their diet consisted of dates, bread and milk, with meat being a special treat. Social life. Centered around family and tribe, with strong traditions of hospitality and honor.
01;27;41;20 - 01;27;50;10
Speaker 1
Okay, what's going on in, the Canaan area at this time?
01;27;50;12 - 01;28;10;27
Speaker 2
In the seventh century, Canaan was under Byzantine rule. It was a time of transition. With the rise of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula and growing tensions between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashid Caliphate. There were also significant Jewish and Samaritan communities in the region.
01;28;10;29 - 01;28;21;05
Speaker 1
Okay. Who owns the land that is this Canaan region?
01;28;21;07 - 01;28;31;25
Speaker 2
In the seventh century, the Byzantine Empire controlled the Canaan region, but there were also Jewish and Samaritan communities living there. The Rashid Caliphate was also starting to expand into the area.
01;28;31;27 - 01;28;39;27
Speaker 1
Okay. Tell me about after the Byzantine rule.
01;28;39;29 - 01;28;51;22
Speaker 2
After the Byzantine rule, the Russian Caliphate took control of the region in the seventh century. This marked the beginning of Islamic rule in Canaan.
01;28;51;24 - 01;29;07;20
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me more about this key. Can you tell me? So is the Byzantine Empire just kind of like, an empire that popped up after the Roman Empire.
01;29;07;22 - 01;29;27;06
Speaker 2
The Byzantine Empire was actually the eastern half of the Roman Empire. They continued after the western half fell. It was a major power in the Mediterranean for centuries, known for its rich culture and powerful military. They controlled a lot of territory, including Canaan, before the Rashid and Caliphate took over.
01;29;27;08 - 01;29;43;09
Speaker 1
Okay. I would like you to go into, heavy detail or write me a 500 word report on the change of hands.
01;29;43;11 - 01;30;06;10
Speaker 2
Okay. In the seventh century, the Byzantine Empire was weakening and the caliphate was expanding rapidly. There were several major battles, like the Battle of Yarmouk in 636, where the Caliphate defeated the Byzantines. This victory opened up Canaan for conquest, and by 640 the region was under Islamic rule.
01;30;06;13 - 01;30;12;23
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me about the Russian Caliphate.
01;30;12;26 - 01;30;32;01
Speaker 2
The Russian Caliphate was the first of the major Islamic caliphate. It was founded after the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632, and lasted until 661. It was a time of great expansion for the Muslim empire, and it played a major role in shaping the early history of Islam.
01;30;32;03 - 01;30;37;22
Speaker 1
So there was something called a muslim empire.
01;30;37;25 - 01;30;52;11
Speaker 2
The caliphate is sometimes referred to as the early Muslim Empire, because it was the first major Islamic caliphate and laid the foundation for later Islamic empires. It was a time of rapid expansion and consolidation of power for the early Muslim community.
01;30;52;14 - 01;31;04;00
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me about the, Rashid Khan caliphate.
01;31;04;03 - 01;31;21;08
Speaker 2
The Rashid Dune Caliphate was the first major Islamic caliphate established after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, 60 to 80. It was a time of rapid expansion, with the Caliphate conquering vast territories across the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia. The Rasheeda Caliphate.
01;31;21;10 - 01;31;43;21
Speaker 1
Generally. What I would like you to do is kind of take a second and put me into the shoes of someone in the Russian caliphate. From a third person present tense perspective.
01;31;43;24 - 01;32;02;15
Speaker 2
Imagine you're a merchant in Damascus. In the seventh century, the city is bustling with trade. But there's a new energy in the air. You hear stories of a new faith spreading like wildfire, brought by Arab armies who've conquered vast lands. You see the changes new mosques being built, a new language echoing in the streets, and a new sense of unity among the people.
01;32;02;17 - 01;32;11;01
Speaker 2
It's a time of both excitement and uncertainty as the old world transforms into something new.
01;32;11;03 - 01;32;28;08
Speaker 1
Okay, so, what is the state of Syria? Palestina and the Jewish population in canon at the time?
01;32;28;10 - 01;32;53;11
Speaker 2
In the seventh century. Kanan, also known as Palestine, was a diverse region with a mix of religious communities. The Jewish population was still present, although significantly smaller than in previous centuries. There were also Samaritan communities and of course the growing Muslim population following the Rashid conquest. It was a time of transition, with new religious and cultural influences shaping the region.
01;32;53;14 - 01;33;12;27
Speaker 1
Okay, so if there were less Jewish people in the region, is that just with respect to more Islamic people in the region or to Jewish people start to leave the region?
01;33;12;29 - 01;33;30;23
Speaker 2
Both factors played a role. While the Jewish population had been declining for some time due to various historical reasons, the rise of Islam and the subsequent Arab conquest led to a further decrease in the Jewish population and Kanan. Some Jews converted to Islam, while others migrated to other regions.
01;33;30;26 - 01;33;39;07
Speaker 1
Who said various historical reasons, can you, can you go into.
01;33;39;09 - 01;34;03;19
Speaker 2
Sure. The decline of the Jewish population in Canaan was a gradual process with several contributing factors. After the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD. There were several failed Jewish revolts against the Roman Empire, which led to further displacement and hardship. Additionally, the rise of Christianity and the subsequent conversion of the Roman Empire also impacted the Jewish community in the region.
01;34;03;21 - 01;34;17;00
Speaker 1
And where did, Jewish people that lived in that area, go? If they left?
01;34;17;02 - 01;34;32;20
Speaker 2
Jewish people migrated to various parts of the world, including North Africa, Europe, and other parts of the Middle East. Some also moved to the Byzantine Empire, which still controlled parts of the region.
01;34;32;23 - 01;34;42;19
Speaker 1
Okay. What happens after the Russian tower failed?
01;34;42;21 - 01;34;58;26
Speaker 2
After the Russia doomed caliphate, the, I had Caliphate took over. They moved the capital to Damascus and expanded the empire even further, reaching into Spain and Central Asia. It was a period of both great expansion and internal conflict, as different factions within the Muslim community vied for power.
01;34;58;28 - 01;35;04;24
Speaker 1
What is a caliphate? If you had to define it?
01;35;04;27 - 01;35;20;12
Speaker 2
A caliphate is basically an Islamic state ruled by a caliph, who is considered the successor to the Prophet Muhammad. Think of it like an empire, but with religious and political power combined. The Russian Caliphate was the first one, and it was a time of great expansion for the Muslim world.
01;35;20;14 - 01;35;25;26
Speaker 1
So is it kind of like a god king?
01;35;25;29 - 01;35;37;22
Speaker 2
Yeah, you could think of it like a kingdom, but with a religious leader at the top. The caliph was seen as both a political and spiritual successor to Muhammad.
01;35;37;25 - 01;35;47;11
Speaker 1
Okay. Can you give a modern day, comparison?
01;35;47;13 - 01;36;04;08
Speaker 2
Think of it like this. In the seventh century, the caliph was like a king, but with religious authority to. Today, there's no single caliph. But some people want to bring back the idea of a unified Islamic state. It's a complex issue with different groups having different ideas about what that would look like.
01;36;04;11 - 01;36;13;02
Speaker 1
Okay, so take me. You take me through these caliphates.
01;36;13;04 - 01;36;38;18
Speaker 2
The Rashid Caliphate was the first major Islamic caliphate established after the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 A.D. it was a time of rapid expansion, with the Caliphate conquering vast territories across the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia. The Rashid Doing Caliphate is considered by many Muslims to be a golden age of Islamic history, a time when the community was united and guided by the principles of the Koran and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad.
01;36;38;20 - 01;36;44;00
Speaker 1
Okay, take me to the next bit.
01;36;44;02 - 01;36;59;29
Speaker 2
After the Rashid Caliphate, the Umayyad Caliphate took over. They moved the capital to Damascus and expanded the empire even further, reaching into Spain and Central Asia. It was a period of both great expansion and internal conflict, as different factions within the Muslim community vied for power.
01;37;00;03 - 01;37;11;13
Speaker 1
Okay, let's keep stepping forward through history while keeping us rooted in the Kanan region.
01;37;11;16 - 01;37;29;23
Speaker 2
Okay, so after the Umayyads, the Abbasid Caliphate took over in 750 A.D., they shifted the capital to Baghdad and oversaw a golden age of Islamic culture and science. During this time, Jewish communities in Canaan experienced relative stability and even some cultural flourishing.
01;37;29;25 - 01;37;34;21
Speaker 1
Okay, let's keep going.
01;37;34;24 - 01;37;55;11
Speaker 2
After the Abbasids, things get a bit more complex. The region saw various rulers, including the Fatimid Seljuks and IU, bid before the Mamluks took control in the late 13th century. It was a time of shifting powers and alliances with the Crusades, adding another layer of complexity to the region's history.
01;37;55;13 - 01;38;04;07
Speaker 1
Okay, give me a little overview of the Crusades.
01;38;04;09 - 01;38;22;09
Speaker 2
The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims in the medieval period. The most well known were the ones aimed at taking back the Holy Land from Islamic rule. There were a bunch of them over a couple of centuries, and they had a huge impact on the region and the relationship between the two religions.
01;38;22;12 - 01;38;44;01
Speaker 1
Okay, that's probably going to be its own thing if you did this. If you give me a good synopsis of the of the Crusades with detail and, and with geographical kind of changes, go.
01;38;44;03 - 01;39;05;26
Speaker 2
The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims in the medieval period. The most well known were the ones aimed at taking back the Holy Land from Islamic rule. There were a bunch of them over a couple of centuries, and they had a huge impact on the region and the relationship between the two religions. The First Crusade was actually pretty successful for the Christians, but later ones didn't go so well.
01;39;05;28 - 01;39;11;14
Speaker 1
What was the huge impact on the region?
01;39;11;16 - 01;39;31;16
Speaker 2
The Crusades had a pretty significant impact on the region. They led to increased trade between Europe and the Middle East, and also influenced military tactics and architecture. But they also left a legacy of mistrust and hostility between Christians and Muslims that still affects the region today.
01;39;31;19 - 01;39;43;28
Speaker 1
Okay. Can you, go into the source of the mistrust and hostility?
01;39;44;01 - 01;40;04;17
Speaker 2
Okay, so the mistrust and hostility that came out of the Crusades has deep roots. For one, there was the violence and brutality of the wars themselves. Then you have the religious differences and the way each side demonized the other. Plus, there were political power plays and economic interests that fueled the conflict. It's a really complex mix of factors that created a lasting divide.
01;40;04;19 - 01;40;16;16
Speaker 1
Right. But what was, the crew who invaded during the Crusades?
01;40;16;18 - 01;40;32;29
Speaker 2
The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims in the medieval period. The most well known were the ones aimed at taking back the Holy Land from Islamic rule. There were a bunch of them over a couple of centuries, and they had a huge impact on the region and the relationship between the two religions.
01;40;33;02 - 01;40;45;01
Speaker 1
Kevin, I want you to give me specific details of who invaded who during the First Crusade.
01;40;45;03 - 01;41;00;16
Speaker 2
The First Crusade was led by a bunch of different nobles from Western Europe. You had guys like Godfrey of Bouillon, Raymond of Toulouse, and Bohemond of Toronto. They all brought their own armies, and together they marched towards the Holy Land.
01;41;00;18 - 01;41;06;18
Speaker 1
Where were these invaders from?
01;41;06;20 - 01;41;16;11
Speaker 2
Most of the Crusaders came from Western Europe, specifically France, Germany and Italy.
01;41;16;13 - 01;41;21;18
Speaker 1
Okay, let's go forward.
01;41;21;20 - 01;41;39;27
Speaker 2
After the Crusades, the Mamluks took control of the region in the late 13th century. They were a powerful military force that had originally been slave soldiers, but they rose to become the rulers of Egypt and Syria. The Mamluk Sultanate lasted for a few centuries and played a major role in shaping the region during that time.
01;41;40;00 - 01;41;59;06
Speaker 1
Okay. I wanted to go forward in in the crusade. Christian, tell me about France, Germany and Italy coming in and invading and what happened?
01;41;59;09 - 01;42;17;17
Speaker 2
Okay. So the First Crusade was a pretty big deal. These armies from France, Germany and Italy marched all the way to the Holy Land and actually managed to capture Jerusalem in 1099. It was a huge victory for them, and it led to the establishment of several Crusader states in the region.
01;42;17;19 - 01;42;24;05
Speaker 1
And tell me about those battles.
01;42;24;08 - 01;42;35;14
Speaker 2
It was a brutal campaign. The Crusaders faced a lot of hardship on their way to the Holy Land. And when they finally captured Jerusalem, there was a lot of violence and bloodshed. It was a pretty dark chapter in the history of the Crusades.
01;42;35;17 - 01;42;42;15
Speaker 1
Yeah. I want you to go into some of the specifics as much as you can.
01;42;42;17 - 01;43;05;21
Speaker 2
Okay, so the siege of Jerusalem in 1099 was pretty intense. The Crusaders faced a lot of resistance from the Fatimid garrison defending the city. There was a lot of back and forth fighting, with both sides suffering heavy losses. The Crusaders eventually broke through the city walls and captured Jerusalem. But the aftermath was pretty brutal. There was a lot of violence and bloodshed, and it's definitely a dark chapter in the history of the Crusades.
01;43;05;23 - 01;43;20;10
Speaker 1
Okay, I want you to tell me about the First Crusade. But from the perspective of the people being invaded.
01;43;20;12 - 01;43;33;25
Speaker 2
Imagine living in Jerusalem in 1099. You hear stories of a massive army marching towards your city. People from a faraway land called Europe. When they finally arrive at.
01;43;33;28 - 01;43;46;16
Speaker 1
Gemini, I would like you to give me a little brief on who is living in Jerusalem at the time of the First Crusade.
01;43;46;18 - 01;44;02;22
Speaker 2
Jerusalem was a mix of cultures and religions at the time. It was under Fatimid control. So there was a sizable Muslim population, but there were also Jewish and Eastern Orthodox Christian communities. It was a pretty diverse city, but tensions were definitely high leading up to the Crusades.
01;44;02;25 - 01;44;28;16
Speaker 1
Okay. I would like you to put me in the shoes of someone who is in Jerusalem. Maybe a, mom in Jerusalem at the. At the moment, the French and German and Italian troops arrived for the First Crusade.
01;44;28;19 - 01;44;38;03
Speaker 2
Imagine if you're a mother in Jerusalem, and the city is filled with rumors of an approaching army. When they arrive, it's chaos. These foreign soldiers.
01;44;38;05 - 01;45;00;22
Speaker 1
Actually, I would like to create a character and, place her in Jerusalem at that time. Or, like you to be very detailed about the description of the environment and the sounds and smells and stuff like that, and just kind of put us in that moment.
01;45;00;24 - 01;45;20;26
Speaker 2
Okay, let's create a character. Imagine a young woman named Sarah. She's lived in Jerusalem her whole life. The city's usually bustling with activity. Merchants hawking their goods, the sounds of different languages mixing together, and the smell of spices in the air. But lately, there's been a tension, a sense of unease. Rumors of a massive army marching towards Jerusalem have spread through the city.
01;45;21;03 - 01;45;40;26
Speaker 2
Then one morning, the sounds change. The familiar calls of merchants are replaced by the distant rumble of approaching soldiers. The air is thick with dust and the smell of woodsmoke. Sarah peeks through a crack in her window shutter and sees them, a sea of soldiers and strange armor, their banners emblazoned with crosses. Fear grips her heart as she realizes the stories were true.
01;45;40;27 - 01;46;00;21
Speaker 2
What happens next is chaos. The city's defenses are strong, but the Crusaders are relentless. The days turn into a blur of clashing steel screams and the constant thud of siege weapons. Smoke fills the air, making it hard to breathe. Food and water become scarce, and Sarah clutches her children close, praying for survival.
01;46;00;24 - 01;46;15;25
Speaker 1
Okay. And so what is Sarah seeing happen to her? Her. The people she knows in our community.
01;46;15;27 - 01;46;32;22
Speaker 2
As the siege drags on. Things get desperate. Sarah's neighbors are injured, their homes destroyed. Food and water are scarce, and the city's once vibrant streets are now filled with the wounded and dying. Fear and desperation hang heavy in the air.
01;46;32;24 - 01;46;47;09
Speaker 1
Okay. So tell me about the more brutal tactics of the Western Europeans that come down for the Crusades.
01;46;47;11 - 01;47;02;04
Speaker 2
The Crusaders weren't exactly known for their gentle tactics. They used siege weapons like catapults and trebuchet to break down walls. And when they finally breached the city, there was a lot of bloodshed. They saw themselves as holy warriors. So they didn't hold back.
01;47;02;06 - 01;47;07;23
Speaker 1
Okay. Go into specifics.
01;47;07;25 - 01;47;29;01
Speaker 2
Okay, so the Crusaders used a few brutal tactics during the siege. They launched these massive stone projectile from catapults to smash through walls and buildings. Then when they finally broke through, it was hand-to-hand combat, which was incredibly violent. There are accounts of them showing no mercy, killing everyone in their path, even women and children.
01;47;29;04 - 01;47;46;02
Speaker 1
Okay, so, that makes sense. On the mistrust between all the religious backgrounds. Can we step a little bit forward in time after the Crusades?
01;47;46;04 - 01;48;04;01
Speaker 2
After the Crusades, things were tense. There was a lot of mistrust between Christians and Muslims, and the region was pretty unstable. The Crusader states that had been established were constantly fighting with their Muslim neighbors, and there were several more crusades launched over the next few centuries. It was a pretty turbulent time.
01;48;04;03 - 01;48;12;00
Speaker 1
Okay. And let's, let's go forward through history a little bit.
01;48;12;02 - 01;48;30;22
Speaker 2
Fast forward a bit and you'll find the Mamluks taking control in the late 13th century. They were a powerful military force that had originally been slave soldiers, but they rose to become the rulers of Egypt and Syria. The Mamluk Sultanate lasted for a few centuries and played a major role in shaping the region during that time.
01;48;30;24 - 01;48;43;23
Speaker 1
Okay. Is, is there any place called Israel, and is there any place called Palestine?
01;48;43;25 - 01;48;57;16
Speaker 2
The region has a long and complex history with different names and political entities throughout time. The name Palestine has been used for centuries, while Israel refers to the modern state established in 1948.
01;48;57;18 - 01;49;07;03
Speaker 1
Okay. Who is, ruling the Canaan region at this time?
01;49;07;05 - 01;49;10;15
Speaker 2
The region has a long and complex history with different groups.
01;49;10;15 - 01;49;21;02
Speaker 1
Control Gemini after the Crusades, who is predominantly ruling the Canaan region.
01;49;21;04 - 01;49;35;03
Speaker 2
After the Crusades. The region was still pretty contested. The Mamluks eventually pushed out the Crusaders, but there were still tensions between different groups. It wasn't until the Ottoman Empire took over in the 16th century that things calmed down a bit.
01;49;35;06 - 01;49;39;21
Speaker 1
Okay. Going to the.
01;49;39;23 - 01;49;51;04
Speaker 2
Okay, so the Mamluks were a pretty interesting bunch. They were actually slave soldiers who rose up and took control of Egypt and Syria. They were known for their military prowess, and they played a big role in pushing the Crusaders out of.
01;49;51;06 - 01;50;01;12
Speaker 1
You know, Jim, and I want you to tell me about how the Ottoman Empire, calm things down a bit.
01;50;01;14 - 01;50;20;00
Speaker 2
The Ottoman Empire was a huge deal. It was founded in the early 14th century and lasted all the way until the early 20th century. At its peak, it controlled a massive chunk of land, including parts of southeastern Europe, western Asia and North Africa. It was a major power for centuries and had a huge influence on the region.
01;50;20;03 - 01;50;31;14
Speaker 1
And, so the autumn, modern day Israel Palestine was just a piece of the Ottoman Empire.
01;50;31;17 - 01;50;47;04
Speaker 2
Yeah. That's right. The area that's now Israel and Palestine was part of the Ottoman Empire for about 400 years. It was a mix of different religious and ethnic groups, and there wasn't really a strong sense of national identity among the people living there.
01;50;47;06 - 01;50;52;15
Speaker 1
What was it called at the time?
01;50;52;17 - 01;51;05;24
Speaker 2
During the Ottoman Empire? The region was often referred to as southern Syria, or simply part of the province of Syria. There wasn't a separate political entity called Palestine at that time.
01;51;05;27 - 01;51;15;06
Speaker 1
Did people refer to it as Canaan as well, from like a religious perspective?
01;51;15;08 - 01;51;27;11
Speaker 2
Yes. The term Canaan has deep religious significance for both Jews and Christians, as it's the promised land in the Hebrew Bible. So even though it wasn't a political term during the Ottoman Empire, it would still have been used in a religious context.
01;51;27;13 - 01;51;34;04
Speaker 1
What were the primary religions of the Ottoman Empire?
01;51;34;06 - 01;51;47;28
Speaker 2
The Ottoman Empire was primarily Muslim, with Sunni Islam being the official religion. However, it was also home to significant Christian and Jewish population, especially in the early days of the Empire.
01;51;48;01 - 01;51;55;00
Speaker 1
Okay, and then what happened to the Ottoman Empire?
01;51;55;02 - 01;52;12;08
Speaker 2
The Ottoman Empire started to decline in the late 18th century, losing territory and influence over time. It finally collapsed after World War One, leading to the creation of modern day Turkey and several other countries in the Middle East and Eastern Europe.
01;52;12;10 - 01;52;20;00
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me about the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War one.
01;52;20;02 - 01;52;41;16
Speaker 2
The Ottoman Empire was already in decline by the time World War One started. They made a bad bet by siding with Germany and that pretty much field their fate. The war was brutal and the Ottomans lost a ton of territory. After the war, the empire was carved up and modern day Turkey was established.
01;52;41;18 - 01;52;55;12
Speaker 1
Okay. And, so after World War One, who technically ruled over the Kanon region.
01;52;55;15 - 01;53;15;05
Speaker 2
After World War One, the League of Nations granted Britain control over the region, which was then called Mandatory Palestine. This was meant to be a temporary arrangement until the people there could govern themselves, but it ended up lasting until 1948.
01;53;15;07 - 01;53;33;11
Speaker 1
Okay. So modern day Israel and Palestine were given to Britain after the end of World War One? As, like a single chunk of land?
01;53;33;13 - 01;53;47;14
Speaker 2
Yes. After World War One, the League of Nations granted Britain control over the region, which was then called Mandatory Palestine. This was meant to be a temporary arrangement until the people there could govern themselves, but it ended up lasting until 1948.
01;53;47;17 - 01;53;58;08
Speaker 1
Okay. What about the surrounding areas like Egypt, Jordan to Mars? Syria and Lebanon.
01;53;58;10 - 01;54;15;24
Speaker 2
After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the French and British divided up the Levant region. France took control of Syria and Lebanon, while Britain took control of Palestine and Iraq. Egypt was already under British influence, and Jordan was established as a British protectorate.
01;54;15;27 - 01;54;23;15
Speaker 1
Okay. And then, and then what happened?
01;54;23;18 - 01;54;38;04
Speaker 2
After the war. The League of Nations divided up the former Ottoman territories in the Middle East. France took control of Syria and Lebanon, while Britain got control of Palestine and Iraq. It was a pretty messy situation, and it set the stage for a lot of the conflicts we see in the region today.
01;54;38;06 - 01;54;42;28
Speaker 1
Okay. Go into that, please.
01;54;43;00 - 01;54;56;08
Speaker 2
Okay, so after World War One, the League of Nations divided up the former Ottoman territories in the Middle East. France took control of Syria and Lebanon, while Britain got control of Palestine.
01;54;56;10 - 01;55;15;12
Speaker 1
Jim, and I would like you to specifically go into like, obviously, Syria and Lebanon are not controlled by France anymore, and neither are Palestine and Iraq. So how did that work?
01;55;15;14 - 01;55;40;22
Speaker 2
Okay, so after World War two, there was a big push for independence across the Middle East. Syria and Lebanon gained their independence from France in 1946, and around the same time, Jordan became fully independent from Britain. Palestine situation was more complicated, leading to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and the creation of Israel. Iraq also gained independence from Britain in 1932, though British influence remained for some time.
01;55;40;25 - 01;55;48;12
Speaker 1
Okay, tell me about the Arab Israeli war and the formation of Israel.
01;55;48;14 - 01;56;10;21
Speaker 2
The 1948 Arab Israeli War was a major turning point when Israel declared its independence. Neighboring Arab states attacked, but Israel won. This war led to a large number of Palestinian refugees, an ongoing conflict over the region.
01;56;10;23 - 01;56;22;10
Speaker 1
Okay. When was modern day Israel formed?
01;56;22;12 - 01;56;30;10
Speaker 2
Modern day Israel was formed on May 14th, 1948.
01;56;30;12 - 01;56;45;00
Speaker 1
Okay. Can you go into that? I was under the, the assumption that it had to do with the end of World War two.
01;56;45;03 - 01;57;10;08
Speaker 2
The end of World War two had a huge impact on the formation of Israel. The horrors of the Holocaust created a lot of sympathy for the idea of a Jewish homeland. And there was a growing movement of Jewish people moving to Palestine. The United Nations eventually stepped in and proposed a plan to divide the land into separate Arab and Jewish states, which led to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and the creation of Israel.
01;57;10;11 - 01;57;18;27
Speaker 1
Okay, so when did the UN decide to divide the two?
01;57;19;00 - 01;57;29;26
Speaker 2
The UN voted to partition Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states on November 29th, 1947.
01;57;29;28 - 01;57;35;02
Speaker 1
And then there was a war.
01;57;35;04 - 01;57;52;21
Speaker 2
The 1948 Arab-Israeli War broke out right after Israel declared its independence. Neighboring Arab states attacked, but Israel managed to defend itself and even gained some territory. It was a really tense time, and that war shaped the region in a lot of ways.
01;57;52;23 - 01;58;09;17
Speaker 1
Okay. What did the allies, do after World War Two with respect to the Holocaust? And, the Jewish people in Israel and Palestine?
01;58;09;19 - 01;58;28;00
Speaker 2
The Holocaust really pushed the allies to support the idea of a Jewish homeland. There was a lot of sympathy for the Jewish people after the war and the United Nations ended up proposing a plan to divide Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states.
01;58;28;02 - 01;58;38;00
Speaker 1
And the, the Brits still had control over Palestine at the time.
01;58;38;03 - 01;58;52;26
Speaker 2
Yes. Britain still had control of Palestine after World War two. They were dealing with increasing tensions between Jewish and Arab populations, and eventually handed the problem over to the UN.
01;58;52;29 - 01;59;05;10
Speaker 1
Okay. And then Israel, declares independence and then kind of get us up to date from there.
01;59;05;12 - 01;59;27;10
Speaker 2
Israel declared its independence in 1948, and right after that, five Arab nations attacked Israel, won that war, and even expanded its territory. Then in 1967, there was another war where Israel gained even more land, including the West Bank and Gaza Strip, which are still major points of conflict today.
01;59;27;13 - 01;59;53;02
Speaker 1
Okay. Is there anything else that you think I should know about the cultural, or at least like religious, history, like Jewish people and Christian people and Islamic people and, as well as Israel and Palestine and all of that came in region.
01;59;53;04 - 02;00;15;22
Speaker 2
The region is considered holy by Jews, Christians and Muslims, and that's played a huge role in its history. There have been periods of relative peace and cooperation, but also times of intense conflict. The Crusades, for example, were a series of religious wars fought over control of the Holy Land. And even today, religious differences are a major factor in the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
02;00;15;25 - 02;00;23;23
Speaker 1
What are your thoughts on the modern conflict?
02;00;23;25 - 02;00;40;20
Speaker 2
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is incredibly complex, with a long history of violence and displacement. Both sides have deep historical and religious ties to the land and finding a lasting peace has been incredibly difficult. Do you want to explore the perspectives of both sides in this conflict?
02;00;40;22 - 02;00;56;02
Speaker 1
Yeah, I think we should end today by, you kind of taking the side of each one. Let's start with, let's start with Islam.
02;00;56;04 - 02;01;14;18
Speaker 2
Okay. Let's start with the Israeli perspective. They see the land as their ancestral homeland promised to them in the Bible. After centuries of persecution, they believe they have a right to self-determination and a safe haven. They point to their historical connection to the land and the need for security in a hostile region.
02;01;14;20 - 02;01;21;08
Speaker 1
Okay. Give me that perspective from Islam.
02;01;21;11 - 02;01;42;04
Speaker 2
The Palestinian perspective is that they've been displaced and dispossessed of their land. They see the conflict as a struggle for self-determination and an end to what they consider an occupation. They point to their long history in the region and the injustice of being forced from their home.
02;01;42;06 - 02;02;04;07
Speaker 1
Yeah, the modern, the modern day. What do you think about the actions that are occurring? From from the, aggressive force, I guess.
02;02;04;09 - 02;02;13;07
Speaker 2
The conflict is incredibly complex, with a long history of violence and displacement. Both sides have deep.
02;02;13;10 - 02;02;24;14
Speaker 1
Gemini. Do you have any opinions on the violence in Gaza right now?
02;02;24;16 - 02;02;42;00
Speaker 2
The situation in Gaza is really intense right now. There's been a lot of violence and destruction, and it's taking a huge toll on civilian international organizations are calling for a ceasefire and humanitarian aid to reach those in need.
02;02;42;03 - 02;02;58;04
Speaker 1
What would you advise people to do in order to, stop killing? Anybody really?
02;02;58;07 - 02;03;19;12
Speaker 2
I understand your concern about the violence. It's important to remember that violence only leads to more suffering. Instead of focusing on blame, we should be looking for ways to de-escalate the situation and promote peaceful solutions. Supporting humanitarian aid organizations can also make a real difference in helping those affected by the conflict.
02;03;19;14 - 02;03;26;03
Speaker 1
Can you go into the concept of violence leads to more suffering?
02;03;26;03 - 02;03;34;17
Speaker 1
I agree that violence only leads to more suffering. It.
02;03;34;20 - 02;03;41;01
Speaker 2
Generally, can you pick where you live? Pick up where you left off.
02;03;41;04 - 02;03;54;13
Speaker 1
I agree that focusing on blame won't help. We need to look for ways to de-escalate the situation and find peaceful solutions. Supporting humanitarian aid organizations can also make a real difference for those affected.
02;03;54;16 - 02;04;05;08
Speaker 2
Okay, let's say that you had some control over this situation. What would you do?
02;04;05;11 - 02;04;22;21
Speaker 1
If I had control, I would prioritize protecting civilians and ensuring they have access to essential resources like food, water, and medical care. I would work towards establishing a ceasefire and promoting dialog between all parties involved to find a peaceful and lasting solution.
02;04;22;23 - 02;04;37;15
Speaker 2
If you could give advice to people who are making decisions about this, what would you? What would you say specifically to those people?
02;04;37;17 - 02;04;56;28
Speaker 1
I would urge decision makers to prioritize de-escalation and protect civilian lives above all else. It's crucial to ensure humanitarian aid reaches those in need and to work towards a lasting ceasefire. Focusing on dialog and understanding between all parties involved is the only way to achieve a peaceful resolution.
02;04;57;01 - 02;05;07;26
Speaker 2
Do you have any predictions of, where the current, environment takes us over the next year?
02;05;07;28 - 02;05;25;29
Speaker 1
It's difficult to say for sure, but many experts predict that the situation will remain volatile in the near future. There's a risk of further escalations in violence, and a humanitarian crisis is likely to worsen. However, there's also hope that diplomatic efforts could lead to a ceasefire and a more stable environment in the long term.
02;05;26;01 - 02;05;33;07
Speaker 2
Okay. Anything else you'd like to, add on the subject?
02;05;33;10 - 02;05;44;28
Speaker 1
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a complex issue with a long history, and there are many resources available if you'd like to learn more about it. Would you like me to find some reputable sources that offer balanced perspectives on the conflict?
02;05;45;00 - 02;05;53;10
Speaker 2
Now, I'd like you to give me your final thoughts on the subject.
02;05;53;13 - 02;05;57;26
Speaker 1
The conflict is a deeply complex issue, with a long and painful head.
02;05;57;29 - 02;06;02;04
Speaker 2
Who does it think? Gemini.